RedemptionHelper

{{
  "language": "Solidity",
  "sources": {
    "src/RedemptionHelper.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

import {IERC20} from "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import {Math} from "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";

import {_100pct, DECIMAL_PRECISION} from "./Dependencies/Constants.sol";
import {IAddressesRegistry} from "./Interfaces/IAddressesRegistry.sol";
import {IBoldToken} from "./Interfaces/IBoldToken.sol";
import {ICollateralRegistry} from "./Interfaces/ICollateralRegistry.sol";
import {IRedemptionHelper} from "./Interfaces/IRedemptionHelper.sol";
import {ISortedTroves} from "./Interfaces/ISortedTroves.sol";
import {ITroveManager} from "./Interfaces/ITroveManager.sol";
import {LatestTroveData} from "./Types/LatestTroveData.sol";

contract RedemptionHelper is IRedemptionHelper {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    struct RedemptionContext {
        IERC20 collToken;
        uint256 collBalanceBefore;
    }

    uint256 public immutable numBranches;
    ICollateralRegistry public immutable collateralRegistry;
    IBoldToken public immutable boldToken;
    IAddressesRegistry[] public addresses; // only used off-chain, so we don't care about storage cost

    constructor(ICollateralRegistry _collateralRegistry, IAddressesRegistry[] memory _addresses) {
        require(_addresses.length == _collateralRegistry.totalCollaterals(), "Wrong number of registries");
        numBranches = _addresses.length;
        collateralRegistry = _collateralRegistry;
        boldToken = _collateralRegistry.boldToken();

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _addresses.length; ++i) {
            require(_collateralRegistry.getTroveManager(i) == _addresses[i].troveManager(), "TroveManager mismatch");
            addresses.push(_addresses[i]);
        }
    }

    // Meant to be called off-chain
    // Not a view because price fetching has side-effects
    function simulateRedemption(uint256 _bold, uint256 _maxIterationsPerCollateral)
        public
        returns (SimulationContext[] memory branch, uint256 totalProportions)
    {
        branch = new SimulationContext[](numBranches);

        // First priority: proportional to unbacked debt
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < numBranches; ++i) {
            branch[i].troveManager = address(addresses[i].troveManager());
            branch[i].sortedTroves = address(addresses[i].sortedTroves());
            (branch[i].proportion, branch[i].price, branch[i].redeemable) =
                ITroveManager(branch[i].troveManager).getUnbackedPortionPriceAndRedeemability();
            if (branch[i].redeemable) totalProportions += branch[i].proportion;
        }

        // CS-BOLD-013: truncate redemption if it would exceed total unbacked debt
        if (0 < totalProportions && totalProportions < _bold) _bold = totalProportions;

        // Fallback: proportional to total debt
        if (totalProportions == 0) {
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < numBranches; ++i) {
                branch[i].proportion = ITroveManager(branch[i].troveManager).getEntireBranchDebt();
                if (branch[i].redeemable) totalProportions += branch[i].proportion;
            }
        }

        if (totalProportions == 0) return (branch, totalProportions);

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < numBranches; ++i) {
            if (!branch[i].redeemable) continue;

            branch[i].attemptedBold = _bold * branch[i].proportion / totalProportions;
            if (branch[i].attemptedBold == 0) continue;

            uint256 lastZombieTroveId = ITroveManager(branch[i].troveManager).lastZombieTroveId();
            uint256 lastTroveId = ISortedTroves(branch[i].sortedTroves).getLast();

            (uint256 troveId, uint256 nextTroveId) = lastZombieTroveId != 0
                ? (lastZombieTroveId, lastTroveId)
                : (lastTroveId, ISortedTroves(branch[i].sortedTroves).getPrev(lastTroveId));

            for (
                branch[i].iterations = 0;
                branch[i].iterations < _maxIterationsPerCollateral || _maxIterationsPerCollateral == 0;
                ++branch[i].iterations
            ) {
                if (branch[i].redeemedBold == branch[i].attemptedBold || troveId == 0) break;

                LatestTroveData memory trove = ITroveManager(branch[i].troveManager).getLatestTroveData(troveId);
                if (trove.entireColl * branch[i].price / trove.entireDebt >= _100pct) {
                    branch[i].redeemedBold +=
                        Math.min(branch[i].attemptedBold - branch[i].redeemedBold, trove.entireDebt);
                }

                troveId = nextTroveId;
                nextTroveId = ISortedTroves(branch[i].sortedTroves).getPrev(nextTroveId);
            }
        }
    }

    // Meant to be called off-chain
    // Not a view because price fetching has side-effects
    function truncateRedemption(uint256 _bold, uint256 _maxIterationsPerCollateral)
        external
        returns (uint256 truncatedBold, uint256 feePct, Redeemed[] memory redeemed)
    {
        (SimulationContext[] memory branch, uint256 totalProportions) =
            simulateRedemption(_bold, _maxIterationsPerCollateral);

        if (totalProportions == 0) return (0, 0, redeemed);

        truncatedBold = _bold;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < numBranches; ++i) {
            if (branch[i].redeemable && branch[i].proportion > 0) {
                // Extrapolate how much the entire redeemed BOLD would
                // have been if this branch was redeemed proportionally.
                uint256 extrapolatedBold = branch[i].redeemedBold * totalProportions / branch[i].proportion;

                // Normally this is no different from `_bold`, but can be less if the redemption on this branch
                // terminated due to hitting the iteration limit. We're looking for the smallest extrapolated value,
                // since that is the maximum amount of BOLD that can be redeemed proportionally within the given
                // iteration limit. Any attempt to redeem more than this would result in a partial redemption, thus
                // paying a higher redemption fee than necessary — since the fee is based on the attempted amount.
                if (extrapolatedBold < truncatedBold) truncatedBold = extrapolatedBold;
            }
        }

        feePct = collateralRegistry.getRedemptionRateForRedeemedAmount(truncatedBold);
        redeemed = new Redeemed[](numBranches);

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < numBranches; ++i) {
            if (branch[i].redeemable && branch[i].proportion > 0) {
                (uint256 redemptionPrice,) = addresses[i].priceFeed().fetchRedemptionPrice();
                redeemed[i].bold = truncatedBold * branch[i].proportion / totalProportions;
                redeemed[i].coll = redeemed[i].bold * (DECIMAL_PRECISION - feePct) / redemptionPrice;
            }
        }
    }

    function redeemCollateral(
        uint256 _bold,
        uint256 _maxIterationsPerCollateral,
        uint256 _maxFeePct,
        uint256[] memory _minCollRedeemed
    ) external {
        require(_bold > 0, "Redeemed amount must be non-zero");
        require(_minCollRedeemed.length == numBranches, "Wrong _minCollRedeemed length");

        RedemptionContext[] memory branch = new RedemptionContext[](numBranches);

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < numBranches; ++i) {
            branch[i].collToken = collateralRegistry.getToken(i);
            branch[i].collBalanceBefore = branch[i].collToken.balanceOf(address(this));
        }

        uint256 boldBalanceBefore = boldToken.balanceOf(address(this));

        boldToken.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _bold);
        collateralRegistry.redeemCollateral(_bold, _maxIterationsPerCollateral, _maxFeePct);

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < numBranches; ++i) {
            uint256 collRedeemed = branch[i].collToken.balanceOf(address(this)) - branch[i].collBalanceBefore;
            require(collRedeemed >= _minCollRedeemed[i], "Insufficient collateral redeemed");
            if (collRedeemed > 0) branch[i].collToken.safeTransfer(msg.sender, collRedeemed);
        }

        uint256 boldRemaining = boldToken.balanceOf(address(this)) - boldBalanceBefore;
        if (boldRemaining > 0) boldToken.transfer(msg.sender, boldRemaining);
    }
}
"
    },
    "lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}
"
    },
    "lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.3) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance + value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance - value));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value);

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, 0));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
     * Revert on invalid signature.
     */
    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        require(returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return
            success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && Address.isContract(address(token));
    }
}
"
    },
    "lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}
"
    },
    "src/Dependencies/Constants.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

address constant ZERO_ADDRESS = address(0);

uint256 constant MAX_UINT256 = type(uint256).max;

uint256 constant DECIMAL_PRECISION = 1e18;
uint256 constant _100pct = DECIMAL_PRECISION;
uint256 constant _1pct = DECIMAL_PRECISION / 100;

// Amount of ETH to be locked in gas pool on opening troves
uint256 constant ETH_GAS_COMPENSATION = 0.0375 ether;

// Liquidation
uint256 constant MIN_LIQUIDATION_PENALTY_SP = 5e16; // 5%
uint256 constant MAX_LIQUIDATION_PENALTY_REDISTRIBUTION = 20e16; // 20%

// Collateral branch parameters (SETH = staked ETH, i.e. wstETH / rETH)
uint256 constant CCR_WETH = 150 * _1pct;
uint256 constant CCR_SETH = 160 * _1pct;

uint256 constant MCR_WETH = 110 * _1pct;
uint256 constant MCR_SETH = 120 * _1pct;

uint256 constant SCR_WETH = 110 * _1pct;
uint256 constant SCR_SETH = 120 * _1pct;

// Batch CR buffer (same for all branches for now)
// On top of MCR to join a batch, or adjust inside a batch
uint256 constant BCR_ALL = 10 * _1pct;

uint256 constant LIQUIDATION_PENALTY_SP_WETH = 5 * _1pct;
uint256 constant LIQUIDATION_PENALTY_SP_SETH = 5 * _1pct;

uint256 constant LIQUIDATION_PENALTY_REDISTRIBUTION_WETH = 10 * _1pct;
uint256 constant LIQUIDATION_PENALTY_REDISTRIBUTION_SETH = 20 * _1pct;

// Fraction of collateral awarded to liquidator
uint256 constant COLL_GAS_COMPENSATION_DIVISOR = 200; // dividing by 200 yields 0.5%
uint256 constant COLL_GAS_COMPENSATION_CAP = 2 ether; // Max coll gas compensation capped at 2 ETH

// Minimum amount of net Bold debt a trove must have
uint256 constant MIN_DEBT = 2000e18;

uint256 constant MIN_ANNUAL_INTEREST_RATE = _1pct / 2; // 0.5%
uint256 constant MAX_ANNUAL_INTEREST_RATE = 250 * _1pct;

// Batch management params
uint128 constant MAX_ANNUAL_BATCH_MANAGEMENT_FEE = uint128(_100pct / 10); // 10%
uint128 constant MIN_INTEREST_RATE_CHANGE_PERIOD = 1 hours; // only applies to batch managers / batched Troves

uint256 constant REDEMPTION_FEE_FLOOR = _1pct / 2; // 0.5%

// For the debt / shares ratio to increase by a factor 1e9
// at a average annual debt increase (compounded interest + fees) of 10%, it would take more than 217 years (log(1e9)/log(1.1))
// at a average annual debt increase (compounded interest + fees) of 50%, it would take more than 51 years (log(1e9)/log(1.5))
// The increase pace could be forced to be higher through an inflation attack,
// but precisely the fact that we have this max value now prevents the attack
uint256 constant MAX_BATCH_SHARES_RATIO = 1e9;

// Half-life of 6h. 6h = 360 min
// (1/2) = d^360 => d = (1/2)^(1/360)
uint256 constant REDEMPTION_MINUTE_DECAY_FACTOR = 998076443575628800;

// BETA: 18 digit decimal. Parameter by which to divide the redeemed fraction, in order to calc the new base rate from a redemption.
// Corresponds to (1 / ALPHA) in the white paper.
uint256 constant REDEMPTION_BETA = 1;

// To prevent redemptions unless Bold depegs below 0.95 and allow the system to take off
uint256 constant INITIAL_BASE_RATE = _100pct; // 100% initial redemption rate

// Discount to be used once the shutdown thas been triggered
uint256 constant URGENT_REDEMPTION_BONUS = 2e16; // 2%

uint256 constant ONE_MINUTE = 1 minutes;
uint256 constant ONE_YEAR = 365 days;
uint256 constant UPFRONT_INTEREST_PERIOD = 7 days;
uint256 constant INTEREST_RATE_ADJ_COOLDOWN = 7 days;

uint256 constant SP_YIELD_SPLIT = 75 * _1pct; // 75%

uint256 constant MIN_BOLD_IN_SP = 1e18;

// Dummy contract that lets legacy Hardhat tests query some of the constants
contract Constants {
    uint256 public constant _ETH_GAS_COMPENSATION = ETH_GAS_COMPENSATION;
    uint256 public constant _MIN_DEBT = MIN_DEBT;
}
"
    },
    "src/Interfaces/IAddressesRegistry.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IActivePool.sol";
import "./IBoldToken.sol";
import "./IBorrowerOperations.sol";
import "./ICollSurplusPool.sol";
import "./IDefaultPool.sol";
import "./IHintHelpers.sol";
import "./IMultiTroveGetter.sol";
import "./ISortedTroves.sol";
import "./IStabilityPool.sol";
import "./ITroveManager.sol";
import "./ITroveNFT.sol";
import {IMetadataNFT} from "../NFTMetadata/MetadataNFT.sol";
import "./ICollateralRegistry.sol";
import "./IInterestRouter.sol";
import "./IPriceFeed.sol";

interface IAddressesRegistry {
    struct AddressVars {
        IERC20Metadata collToken;
        IBorrowerOperations borrowerOperations;
        ITroveManager troveManager;
        ITroveNFT troveNFT;
        IMetadataNFT metadataNFT;
        IStabilityPool stabilityPool;
        IPriceFeed priceFeed;
        IActivePool activePool;
        IDefaultPool defaultPool;
        address gasPoolAddress;
        ICollSurplusPool collSurplusPool;
        ISortedTroves sortedTroves;
        IInterestRouter interestRouter;
        IHintHelpers hintHelpers;
        IMultiTroveGetter multiTroveGetter;
        ICollateralRegistry collateralRegistry;
        IBoldToken boldToken;
        IWETH WETH;
    }

    function CCR() external returns (uint256);
    function SCR() external returns (uint256);
    function MCR() external returns (uint256);
    function BCR() external returns (uint256);
    function LIQUIDATION_PENALTY_SP() external returns (uint256);
    function LIQUIDATION_PENALTY_REDISTRIBUTION() external returns (uint256);

    function collToken() external view returns (IERC20Metadata);
    function borrowerOperations() external view returns (IBorrowerOperations);
    function troveManager() external view returns (ITroveManager);
    function troveNFT() external view returns (ITroveNFT);
    function metadataNFT() external view returns (IMetadataNFT);
    function stabilityPool() external view returns (IStabilityPool);
    function priceFeed() external view returns (IPriceFeed);
    function activePool() external view returns (IActivePool);
    function defaultPool() external view returns (IDefaultPool);
    function gasPoolAddress() external view returns (address);
    function collSurplusPool() external view returns (ICollSurplusPool);
    function sortedTroves() external view returns (ISortedTroves);
    function interestRouter() external view returns (IInterestRouter);
    function hintHelpers() external view returns (IHintHelpers);
    function multiTroveGetter() external view returns (IMultiTroveGetter);
    function collateralRegistry() external view returns (ICollateralRegistry);
    function boldToken() external view returns (IBoldToken);
    function WETH() external returns (IWETH);

    function setAddresses(AddressVars memory _vars) external;
}
"
    },
    "src/Interfaces/IBoldToken.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/interfaces/IERC5267.sol";

interface IBoldToken is IERC20Metadata, IERC20Permit, IERC5267 {
    function setBranchAddresses(
        address _troveManagerAddress,
        address _stabilityPoolAddress,
        address _borrowerOperationsAddress,
        address _activePoolAddress
    ) external;

    function setCollateralRegistry(address _collateralRegistryAddress) external;

    function mint(address _account, uint256 _amount) external;

    function burn(address _account, uint256 _amount) external;

    function sendToPool(address _sender, address poolAddress, uint256 _amount) external;

    function returnFromPool(address poolAddress, address user, uint256 _amount) external;
}
"
    },
    "src/Interfaces/ICollateralRegistry.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "./IBoldToken.sol";
import "./ITroveManager.sol";

interface ICollateralRegistry {
    function baseRate() external view returns (uint256);
    function lastFeeOperationTime() external view returns (uint256);

    function redeemCollateral(uint256 _boldamount, uint256 _maxIterations, uint256 _maxFeePercentage) external;
    // getters
    function totalCollaterals() external view returns (uint256);
    function getToken(uint256 _index) external view returns (IERC20Metadata);
    function getTroveManager(uint256 _index) external view returns (ITroveManager);
    function boldToken() external view returns (IBoldToken);

    function getRedemptionRate() external view returns (uint256);
    function getRedemptionRateWithDecay() external view returns (uint256);
    function getRedemptionRateForRedeemedAmount(uint256 _redeemAmount) external view returns (uint256);

    function getRedemptionFeeWithDecay(uint256 _ETHDrawn) external view returns (uint256);
    function getEffectiveRedemptionFeeInBold(uint256 _redeemAmount) external view returns (uint256);
}
"
    },
    "src/Interfaces/IRedemptionHelper.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IRedemptionHelper {
    struct SimulationContext {
        address troveManager;
        address sortedTroves;
        bool redeemable;
        uint256 price;
        uint256 proportion;
        uint256 attemptedBold;
        uint256 redeemedBold;
        uint256 iterations;
    }

    struct Redeemed {
        uint256 bold;
        uint256 coll;
    }

    function simulateRedemption(uint256 _bold, uint256 _maxIterationsPerCollateral)
        external
        returns (SimulationContext[] memory branch, uint256 totalProportions);

    // Find the maximal amount of BOLD that can be redeemed proportionally within
    // a given iteration limit. This helps prevent the redeemer from overpaying on
    // the redemption fee.
    //
    // Also returns the expected fee that will be paid (as a percentage), and the
    // expected collateral amounts that will be paid out in exchange for the
    // redeemed BOLD. The latter may be used to calculate the _minCollRedeemed
    // parameter passed to redeemCollateral().
    function truncateRedemption(uint256 _bold, uint256 _maxIterationsPerCollateral)
        external
        returns (uint256 truncatedBold, uint256 feePct, Redeemed[] memory redeemed);

    // Wrapper around CollateralRegistry's redeemCollateral() that adds slippage
    // protection in the form of a minimum acceptable collateral amounts parameter.
    function redeemCollateral(
        uint256 _bold,
        uint256 _maxIterationsPerCollateral,
        uint256 _maxFeePct,
        uint256[] memory _minCollRedeemed
    ) external;
}
"
    },
    "src/Interfaces/ISortedTroves.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./ITroveManager.sol";
import {BatchId, BATCH_ID_ZERO} from "../Types/BatchId.sol";

interface ISortedTroves {
    // -- Mutating functions (permissioned) --
    function insert(uint256 _id, uint256 _annualInterestRate, uint256 _prevId, uint256 _nextId) external;
    function insertIntoBatch(
        uint256 _troveId,
        BatchId _batchId,
        uint256 _annualInterestRate,
        uint256 _prevId,
        uint256 _nextId
    ) external;

    function remove(uint256 _id) external;
    function removeFromBatch(uint256 _id) external;

    function reInsert(uint256 _id, uint256 _newAnnualInterestRate, uint256 _prevId, uint256 _nextId) external;
    function reInsertBatch(BatchId _id, uint256 _newAnnualInterestRate, uint256 _prevId, uint256 _nextId) external;

    // -- View functions --

    function contains(uint256 _id) external view returns (bool);
    function isBatchedNode(uint256 _id) external view returns (bool);
    function isEmptyBatch(BatchId _id) external view returns (bool);

    function isEmpty() external view returns (bool);
    function getSize() external view returns (uint256);

    function getFirst() external view returns (uint256);
    function getLast() external view returns (uint256);
    function getNext(uint256 _id) external view returns (uint256);
    function getPrev(uint256 _id) external view returns (uint256);

    function validInsertPosition(uint256 _annualInterestRate, uint256 _prevId, uint256 _nextId)
        external
        view
        returns (bool);
    function findInsertPosition(uint256 _annualInterestRate, uint256 _prevId, uint256 _nextId)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256, uint256);

    // Public state variable getters
    function borrowerOperationsAddress() external view returns (address);
    function troveManager() external view returns (ITroveManager);
    function size() external view returns (uint256);
    function nodes(uint256 _id) external view returns (uint256 nextId, uint256 prevId, BatchId batchId, bool exists);
    function batches(BatchId _id) external view returns (uint256 head, uint256 tail);
}
"
    },
    "src/Interfaces/ITroveManager.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./ILiquityBase.sol";
import "./ITroveNFT.sol";
import "./IBorrowerOperations.sol";
import "./IStabilityPool.sol";
import "./IBoldToken.sol";
import "./ISortedTroves.sol";
import "../Types/LatestTroveData.sol";
import "../Types/LatestBatchData.sol";

// Common interface for the Trove Manager.
interface ITroveManager is ILiquityBase {
    enum Status {
        nonExistent,
        active,
        closedByOwner,
        closedByLiquidation,
        zombie
    }

    function shutdownTime() external view returns (uint256);

    function troveNFT() external view returns (ITroveNFT);
    function stabilityPool() external view returns (IStabilityPool);
    //function boldToken() external view returns (IBoldToken);
    function sortedTroves() external view returns (ISortedTroves);
    function borrowerOperations() external view returns (IBorrowerOperations);

    function Troves(uint256 _id)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint256 debt,
            uint256 coll,
            uint256 stake,
            Status status,
            uint64 arrayIndex,
            uint64 lastDebtUpdateTime,
            uint64 lastInterestRateAdjTime,
            uint256 annualInterestRate,
            address interestBatchManager,
            uint256 batchDebtShares
        );

    function rewardSnapshots(uint256 _id) external view returns (uint256 coll, uint256 boldDebt);

    function getTroveIdsCount() external view returns (uint256);

    function getTroveFromTroveIdsArray(uint256 _index) external view returns (uint256);

    function getCurrentICR(uint256 _troveId, uint256 _price) external view returns (uint256);

    function lastZombieTroveId() external view returns (uint256);

    function batchLiquidateTroves(uint256[] calldata _troveArray) external;

    function redeemCollateral(
        address _sender,
        uint256 _boldAmount,
        uint256 _price,
        uint256 _redemptionRate,
        uint256 _maxIterations
    ) external returns (uint256 _redemeedAmount);

    function shutdown() external;
    function urgentRedemption(uint256 _boldAmount, uint256[] calldata _troveIds, uint256 _minCollateral) external;

    function getUnbackedPortionPriceAndRedeemability() external returns (uint256, uint256, bool);

    function getLatestTroveData(uint256 _troveId) external view returns (LatestTroveData memory);
    function getTroveAnnualInterestRate(uint256 _troveId) external view returns (uint256);

    function getTroveStatus(uint256 _troveId) external view returns (Status);

    function getLatestBatchData(address _batchAddress) external view returns (LatestBatchData memory);

    // -- permissioned functions called by BorrowerOperations

    function onOpenTrove(address _owner, uint256 _troveId, TroveChange memory _troveChange, uint256 _annualInterestRate)
        external;
    function onOpenTroveAndJoinBatch(
        address _owner,
        uint256 _troveId,
        TroveChange memory _troveChange,
        address _batchAddress,
        uint256 _batchColl,
        uint256 _batchDebt
    ) external;

    // Called from `adjustZombieTrove()`
    function setTroveStatusToActive(uint256 _troveId) external;

    function onAdjustTroveInterestRate(
        uint256 _troveId,
        uint256 _newColl,
        uint256 _newDebt,
        uint256 _newAnnualInterestRate,
        TroveChange calldata _troveChange
    ) external;

    function onAdjustTrove(uint256 _troveId, uint256 _newColl, uint256 _newDebt, TroveChange calldata _troveChange)
        external;

    function onAdjustTroveInsideBatch(
        uint256 _troveId,
        uint256 _newTroveColl,
        uint256 _newTroveDebt,
        TroveChange memory _troveChange,
        address _batchAddress,
        uint256 _newBatchColl,
        uint256 _newBatchDebt
    ) external;

    function onApplyTroveInterest(
        uint256 _troveId,
        uint256 _newTroveColl,
        uint256 _newTroveDebt,
        address _batchAddress,
        uint256 _newBatchColl,
        uint256 _newBatchDebt,
        TroveChange calldata _troveChange
    ) external;

    function onCloseTrove(
        uint256 _troveId,
        TroveChange memory _troveChange, // decrease vars: entire, with interest, batch fee and redistribution
        address _batchAddress,
        uint256 _newBatchColl,
        uint256 _newBatchDebt // entire, with interest and batch fee
    ) external;

    // -- batches --
    function onRegisterBatchManager(address _batchAddress, uint256 _annualInterestRate, uint256 _annualFee) external;
    function onLowerBatchManagerAnnualFee(
        address _batchAddress,
        uint256 _newColl,
        uint256 _newDebt,
        uint256 _newAnnualManagementFee
    ) external;
    function onSetBatchManagerAnnualInterestRate(
        address _batchAddress,
        uint256 _newColl,
        uint256 _newDebt,
        uint256 _newAnnualInterestRate,
        uint256 _upfrontFee // needed by BatchUpdated event
    ) external;

    struct OnSetInterestBatchManagerParams {
        uint256 troveId;
        uint256 troveColl; // entire, with redistribution
        uint256 troveDebt; // entire, with interest, batch fee and redistribution
        TroveChange troveChange;
        address newBatchAddress;
        uint256 newBatchColl; // updated collateral for new batch manager
        uint256 newBatchDebt; // updated debt for new batch manager
    }

    function onSetInterestBatchManager(OnSetInterestBatchManagerParams calldata _params) external;
    function onRemoveFromBatch(
        uint256 _troveId,
        uint256 _newTroveColl, // entire, with redistribution
        uint256 _newTroveDebt, // entire, with interest, batch fee and redistribution
        TroveChange memory _troveChange,
        address _batchAddress,
        uint256 _newBatchColl,
        uint256 _newBatchDebt, // entire, with interest and batch fee
        uint256 _newAnnualInterestRate
    ) external;

    // -- end of permissioned functions --
}
"
    },
    "src/Types/LatestTroveData.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity 0.8.24;

struct LatestTroveData {
    uint256 entireDebt;
    uint256 entireColl;
    uint256 redistBoldDebtGain;
    uint256 redistCollGain;
    uint256 accruedInterest;
    uint256 recordedDebt;
    uint256 annualInterestRate;
    uint256 weightedRecordedDebt;
    uint256 accruedBatchManagementFee;
    uint256 lastInterestRateAdjTime;
}
"
    },
    "lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.4) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * ==== Security Considerations
 *
 * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
 * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
 * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
 * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
 * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
 * generally recommended is:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
 *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
 *     doThing(..., value);
 * }
 *
 * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
 *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
 * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
 * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
 *
 * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
 * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     *
     * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}
"
    },
    "lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/Address.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly\