MorphoLendingAdapter

{{
  "language": "Solidity",
  "sources": {
    "src/lending/MorphoLendingAdapter.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.26;

// Dependency imports
import {Id, IMorpho, MarketParams, Market, Position} from "@morpho-blue/interfaces/IMorpho.sol";
import {MAX_LIQUIDATION_INCENTIVE_FACTOR, LIQUIDATION_CURSOR} from "@morpho-blue/libraries/ConstantsLib.sol";
import {MathLib as MorphoMathLib} from "@morpho-blue/libraries/MathLib.sol";
import {UtilsLib as MorphoUtilsLib} from "@morpho-blue/libraries/UtilsLib.sol";
import {SharesMathLib} from "@morpho-blue/libraries/SharesMathLib.sol";
import {IOracle} from "@morpho-blue/interfaces/IOracle.sol";
import {ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE} from "@morpho-blue/libraries/ConstantsLib.sol";
import {MorphoBalancesLib} from "@morpho-blue/libraries/periphery/MorphoBalancesLib.sol";
import {MorphoLib} from "@morpho-blue/libraries/periphery/MorphoLib.sol";
import {Math} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {Initializable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

// Internal imports
import {ILendingAdapter} from "src/interfaces/ILendingAdapter.sol";
import {ILeverageManager} from "src/interfaces/ILeverageManager.sol";
import {IMorphoLendingAdapter} from "src/interfaces/IMorphoLendingAdapter.sol";
import {IPreLiquidationLendingAdapter} from "src/interfaces/IPreLiquidationLendingAdapter.sol";

/**
 * @dev The MorphoLendingAdapter is an adapter to interface with Morpho markets. LeverageToken creators can configure their LeverageToken
 * to use a MorphoLendingAdapter to use Morpho as the lending protocol for their LeverageToken.
 *
 * The MorphoLendingAdapter uses the underlying oracle of the Morpho market to convert between the collateral and debt asset. It also
 * uses Morpho's libraries to calculate the collateral and debt held by the adapter, including any accrued interest.
 *
 * Note: `getDebt` uses `MorphoBalancesLib.expectedBorrowAssets` which calculates the total debt of the adapter based on the Morpho
 * market's borrow shares owned by the adapter. This logic rounds up, so it is possible that `getDebt` returns a value that is
 * greater than the actual debt owed to the Morpho market.
 *
 * @custom:contact security@seamlessprotocol.com
 */
contract MorphoLendingAdapter is IMorphoLendingAdapter, Initializable {
    uint256 internal constant WAD = 1e18;

    /// @inheritdoc IMorphoLendingAdapter
    ILeverageManager public immutable leverageManager;

    /// @inheritdoc IMorphoLendingAdapter
    IMorpho public immutable morpho;

    /// @inheritdoc IMorphoLendingAdapter
    Id public morphoMarketId;

    /// @inheritdoc IMorphoLendingAdapter
    MarketParams public marketParams;

    /// @inheritdoc IMorphoLendingAdapter
    address public authorizedCreator;

    /// @inheritdoc IMorphoLendingAdapter
    bool public isUsed;

    /// @dev Reverts if the caller is not the stored LeverageManager address
    modifier onlyLeverageManager() {
        if (msg.sender != address(leverageManager)) revert Unauthorized();
        _;
    }

    /// @notice Creates a new MorphoLendingAdapter
    /// @param _leverageManager The LeverageManager contract
    /// @param _morpho The Morpho core protocol contract
    constructor(ILeverageManager _leverageManager, IMorpho _morpho) {
        leverageManager = _leverageManager;
        morpho = _morpho;
    }

    /// @notice Initializes the MorphoLendingAdapter
    /// @param _morphoMarketId The Morpho market ID
    /// @param _authorizedCreator The authorized creator of this MorphoLendingAdapter. The authorized creator can create a
    /// new LeverageToken using this adapter on the LeverageManager
    function initialize(Id _morphoMarketId, address _authorizedCreator) external initializer {
        morphoMarketId = _morphoMarketId;
        marketParams = morpho.idToMarketParams(_morphoMarketId);

        // slither-disable-next-line missing-zero-check
        authorizedCreator = _authorizedCreator;
        emit MorphoLendingAdapterInitialized(_morphoMarketId, marketParams, _authorizedCreator);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function postLeverageTokenCreation(address creator, address) external onlyLeverageManager {
        if (creator != authorizedCreator) revert Unauthorized();
        if (isUsed) revert LendingAdapterAlreadyInUse();
        isUsed = true;

        emit MorphoLendingAdapterUsed();
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function getCollateralAsset() external view returns (IERC20) {
        return IERC20(marketParams.collateralToken);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function getDebtAsset() external view returns (IERC20) {
        return IERC20(marketParams.loanToken);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function convertCollateralToDebtAsset(uint256 collateral) public view returns (uint256) {
        // Morpho oracles return the price of 1 asset of collateral token quoted in 1 asset of loan token, scaled by ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE.
        // More specifically, the price is quoted in `ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE + loan token decimals - collateral token decimals` decimals of precision.
        uint256 collateralAssetPriceInDebtAsset = IOracle(marketParams.oracle).price();

        // The result is scaled down by ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE to accommodate the oracle's decimals of precision
        return Math.mulDiv(collateral, collateralAssetPriceInDebtAsset, ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE, Math.Rounding.Floor);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function convertDebtToCollateralAsset(uint256 debt) public view returns (uint256) {
        // Morpho oracles return the price of 1 asset of collateral token quoted in 1 asset of loan token, scaled by ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE.
        // More specifically, the price is quoted in `ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE + loan token decimals - collateral token decimals` decimals of precision.
        uint256 collateralAssetPriceInDebtAsset = IOracle(marketParams.oracle).price();

        // The result is scaled up by ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE to accommodate the oracle's decimals of precision
        return Math.mulDiv(debt, ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE, collateralAssetPriceInDebtAsset, Math.Rounding.Ceil);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function getCollateral() public view returns (uint256) {
        return MorphoLib.collateral(morpho, morphoMarketId, address(this));
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function getCollateralInDebtAsset() public view returns (uint256) {
        return convertCollateralToDebtAsset(getCollateral());
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function getDebt() public view returns (uint256) {
        return MorphoBalancesLib.expectedBorrowAssets(morpho, marketParams, address(this));
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function getEquityInCollateralAsset() external view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 collateral = getCollateral();
        uint256 debtInCollateralAsset = convertDebtToCollateralAsset(getDebt());

        return collateral > debtInCollateralAsset ? collateral - debtInCollateralAsset : 0;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function getEquityInDebtAsset() external view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 collateralInDebtAsset = getCollateralInDebtAsset();
        uint256 debt = getDebt();

        return collateralInDebtAsset > debt ? collateralInDebtAsset - debt : 0;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPreLiquidationLendingAdapter
    function getLiquidationPenalty() external view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 liquidationIncentiveFactor = MorphoUtilsLib.min(
            MAX_LIQUIDATION_INCENTIVE_FACTOR,
            MorphoMathLib.wDivDown(WAD, WAD - MorphoMathLib.wMulDown(LIQUIDATION_CURSOR, WAD - marketParams.lltv))
        );

        return liquidationIncentiveFactor - WAD;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function addCollateral(uint256 amount) external {
        if (amount == 0) return;

        MarketParams memory _marketParams = marketParams;

        // Transfer the collateral from msg.sender to this contract
        SafeERC20.safeTransferFrom(IERC20(_marketParams.collateralToken), msg.sender, address(this), amount);

        // Supply the collateral to the Morpho market
        SafeERC20.forceApprove(IERC20(_marketParams.collateralToken), address(morpho), amount);
        morpho.supplyCollateral(_marketParams, amount, address(this), hex"");
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function removeCollateral(uint256 amount) external onlyLeverageManager {
        if (amount == 0) return;
        // Withdraw the collateral from the Morpho market and send it to msg.sender
        morpho.withdrawCollateral(marketParams, amount, address(this), msg.sender);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function borrow(uint256 amount) external onlyLeverageManager {
        if (amount == 0) return;

        // Borrow the debt asset from the Morpho market and send it to the caller
        // slither-disable-next-line unused-return
        morpho.borrow(marketParams, amount, 0, address(this), msg.sender);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc ILendingAdapter
    function repay(uint256 amount) external {
        if (amount == 0) return;

        MarketParams memory _marketParams = marketParams;

        // Transfer the debt asset from msg.sender to this contract
        SafeERC20.safeTransferFrom(IERC20(_marketParams.loanToken), msg.sender, address(this), amount);

        // Accrue interest before repaying to make sure interest is included in calculation
        morpho.accrueInterest(marketParams);

        // Fetch total borrow assets and total borrow shares. This data is updated because we accrued interest in previous step
        Market memory market = morpho.market(morphoMarketId);
        uint256 totalBorrowAssets = market.totalBorrowAssets;
        uint256 totalBorrowShares = market.totalBorrowShares;

        // Fetch how much borrow shares do we owe
        Position memory position = morpho.position(morphoMarketId, address(this));
        uint256 maxSharesToRepay = position.borrowShares;
        uint256 maxAssetsToRepay = SharesMathLib.toAssetsUp(maxSharesToRepay, totalBorrowAssets, totalBorrowShares);

        SafeERC20.forceApprove(IERC20(_marketParams.loanToken), address(morpho), amount);

        // Repay all shares if we are trying to repay more assets than we owe
        if (amount >= maxAssetsToRepay) {
            // slither-disable-next-line unused-return
            morpho.repay(_marketParams, 0, maxSharesToRepay, address(this), hex"");
        } else {
            // slither-disable-next-line unused-return
            morpho.repay(_marketParams, amount, 0, address(this), hex"");
        }
    }
}
"
    },
    "lib/morpho-blue/src/interfaces/IMorpho.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

type Id is bytes32;

struct MarketParams {
    address loanToken;
    address collateralToken;
    address oracle;
    address irm;
    uint256 lltv;
}

/// @dev Warning: For `feeRecipient`, `supplyShares` does not contain the accrued shares since the last interest
/// accrual.
struct Position {
    uint256 supplyShares;
    uint128 borrowShares;
    uint128 collateral;
}

/// @dev Warning: `totalSupplyAssets` does not contain the accrued interest since the last interest accrual.
/// @dev Warning: `totalBorrowAssets` does not contain the accrued interest since the last interest accrual.
/// @dev Warning: `totalSupplyShares` does not contain the additional shares accrued by `feeRecipient` since the last
/// interest accrual.
struct Market {
    uint128 totalSupplyAssets;
    uint128 totalSupplyShares;
    uint128 totalBorrowAssets;
    uint128 totalBorrowShares;
    uint128 lastUpdate;
    uint128 fee;
}

struct Authorization {
    address authorizer;
    address authorized;
    bool isAuthorized;
    uint256 nonce;
    uint256 deadline;
}

struct Signature {
    uint8 v;
    bytes32 r;
    bytes32 s;
}

/// @dev This interface is used for factorizing IMorphoStaticTyping and IMorpho.
/// @dev Consider using the IMorpho interface instead of this one.
interface IMorphoBase {
    /// @notice The EIP-712 domain separator.
    /// @dev Warning: Every EIP-712 signed message based on this domain separator can be reused on another chain sharing
    /// the same chain id because the domain separator would be the same.
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);

    /// @notice The owner of the contract.
    /// @dev It has the power to change the owner.
    /// @dev It has the power to set fees on markets and set the fee recipient.
    /// @dev It has the power to enable but not disable IRMs and LLTVs.
    function owner() external view returns (address);

    /// @notice The fee recipient of all markets.
    /// @dev The recipient receives the fees of a given market through a supply position on that market.
    function feeRecipient() external view returns (address);

    /// @notice Whether the `irm` is enabled.
    function isIrmEnabled(address irm) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Whether the `lltv` is enabled.
    function isLltvEnabled(uint256 lltv) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Whether `authorized` is authorized to modify `authorizer`'s position on all markets.
    /// @dev Anyone is authorized to modify their own positions, regardless of this variable.
    function isAuthorized(address authorizer, address authorized) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice The `authorizer`'s current nonce. Used to prevent replay attacks with EIP-712 signatures.
    function nonce(address authorizer) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @notice Sets `newOwner` as `owner` of the contract.
    /// @dev Warning: No two-step transfer ownership.
    /// @dev Warning: The owner can be set to the zero address.
    function setOwner(address newOwner) external;

    /// @notice Enables `irm` as a possible IRM for market creation.
    /// @dev Warning: It is not possible to disable an IRM.
    function enableIrm(address irm) external;

    /// @notice Enables `lltv` as a possible LLTV for market creation.
    /// @dev Warning: It is not possible to disable a LLTV.
    function enableLltv(uint256 lltv) external;

    /// @notice Sets the `newFee` for the given market `marketParams`.
    /// @param newFee The new fee, scaled by WAD.
    /// @dev Warning: The recipient can be the zero address.
    function setFee(MarketParams memory marketParams, uint256 newFee) external;

    /// @notice Sets `newFeeRecipient` as `feeRecipient` of the fee.
    /// @dev Warning: If the fee recipient is set to the zero address, fees will accrue there and will be lost.
    /// @dev Modifying the fee recipient will allow the new recipient to claim any pending fees not yet accrued. To
    /// ensure that the current recipient receives all due fees, accrue interest manually prior to making any changes.
    function setFeeRecipient(address newFeeRecipient) external;

    /// @notice Creates the market `marketParams`.
    /// @dev Here is the list of assumptions on the market's dependencies (tokens, IRM and oracle) that guarantees
    /// Morpho behaves as expected:
    /// - The token should be ERC-20 compliant, except that it can omit return values on `transfer` and `transferFrom`.
    /// - The token balance of Morpho should only decrease on `transfer` and `transferFrom`. In particular, tokens with
    /// burn functions are not supported.
    /// - The token should not re-enter Morpho on `transfer` nor `transferFrom`.
    /// - The token balance of the sender (resp. receiver) should decrease (resp. increase) by exactly the given amount
    /// on `transfer` and `transferFrom`. In particular, tokens with fees on transfer are not supported.
    /// - The IRM should not re-enter Morpho.
    /// - The oracle should return a price with the correct scaling.
    /// @dev Here is a list of properties on the market's dependencies that could break Morpho's liveness properties
    /// (funds could get stuck):
    /// - The token can revert on `transfer` and `transferFrom` for a reason other than an approval or balance issue.
    /// - A very high amount of assets (~1e35) supplied or borrowed can make the computation of `toSharesUp` and
    /// `toSharesDown` overflow.
    /// - The IRM can revert on `borrowRate`.
    /// - A very high borrow rate returned by the IRM can make the computation of `interest` in `_accrueInterest`
    /// overflow.
    /// - The oracle can revert on `price`. Note that this can be used to prevent `borrow`, `withdrawCollateral` and
    /// `liquidate` from being used under certain market conditions.
    /// - A very high price returned by the oracle can make the computation of `maxBorrow` in `_isHealthy` overflow, or
    /// the computation of `assetsRepaid` in `liquidate` overflow.
    /// @dev The borrow share price of a market with less than 1e4 assets borrowed can be decreased by manipulations, to
    /// the point where `totalBorrowShares` is very large and borrowing overflows.
    function createMarket(MarketParams memory marketParams) external;

    /// @notice Supplies `assets` or `shares` on behalf of `onBehalf`, optionally calling back the caller's
    /// `onMorphoSupply` function with the given `data`.
    /// @dev Either `assets` or `shares` should be zero. Most use cases should rely on `assets` as an input so the
    /// caller is guaranteed to have `assets` tokens pulled from their balance, but the possibility to mint a specific
    /// amount of shares is given for full compatibility and precision.
    /// @dev Supplying a large amount can revert for overflow.
    /// @dev Supplying an amount of shares may lead to supply more or fewer assets than expected due to slippage.
    /// Consider using the `assets` parameter to avoid this.
    /// @param marketParams The market to supply assets to.
    /// @param assets The amount of assets to supply.
    /// @param shares The amount of shares to mint.
    /// @param onBehalf The address that will own the increased supply position.
    /// @param data Arbitrary data to pass to the `onMorphoSupply` callback. Pass empty data if not needed.
    /// @return assetsSupplied The amount of assets supplied.
    /// @return sharesSupplied The amount of shares minted.
    function supply(
        MarketParams memory marketParams,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares,
        address onBehalf,
        bytes memory data
    ) external returns (uint256 assetsSupplied, uint256 sharesSupplied);

    /// @notice Withdraws `assets` or `shares` on behalf of `onBehalf` and sends the assets to `receiver`.
    /// @dev Either `assets` or `shares` should be zero. To withdraw max, pass the `shares`'s balance of `onBehalf`.
    /// @dev `msg.sender` must be authorized to manage `onBehalf`'s positions.
    /// @dev Withdrawing an amount corresponding to more shares than supplied will revert for underflow.
    /// @dev It is advised to use the `shares` input when withdrawing the full position to avoid reverts due to
    /// conversion roundings between shares and assets.
    /// @param marketParams The market to withdraw assets from.
    /// @param assets The amount of assets to withdraw.
    /// @param shares The amount of shares to burn.
    /// @param onBehalf The address of the owner of the supply position.
    /// @param receiver The address that will receive the withdrawn assets.
    /// @return assetsWithdrawn The amount of assets withdrawn.
    /// @return sharesWithdrawn The amount of shares burned.
    function withdraw(
        MarketParams memory marketParams,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares,
        address onBehalf,
        address receiver
    ) external returns (uint256 assetsWithdrawn, uint256 sharesWithdrawn);

    /// @notice Borrows `assets` or `shares` on behalf of `onBehalf` and sends the assets to `receiver`.
    /// @dev Either `assets` or `shares` should be zero. Most use cases should rely on `assets` as an input so the
    /// caller is guaranteed to borrow `assets` of tokens, but the possibility to mint a specific amount of shares is
    /// given for full compatibility and precision.
    /// @dev `msg.sender` must be authorized to manage `onBehalf`'s positions.
    /// @dev Borrowing a large amount can revert for overflow.
    /// @dev Borrowing an amount of shares may lead to borrow fewer assets than expected due to slippage.
    /// Consider using the `assets` parameter to avoid this.
    /// @param marketParams The market to borrow assets from.
    /// @param assets The amount of assets to borrow.
    /// @param shares The amount of shares to mint.
    /// @param onBehalf The address that will own the increased borrow position.
    /// @param receiver The address that will receive the borrowed assets.
    /// @return assetsBorrowed The amount of assets borrowed.
    /// @return sharesBorrowed The amount of shares minted.
    function borrow(
        MarketParams memory marketParams,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares,
        address onBehalf,
        address receiver
    ) external returns (uint256 assetsBorrowed, uint256 sharesBorrowed);

    /// @notice Repays `assets` or `shares` on behalf of `onBehalf`, optionally calling back the caller's
    /// `onMorphoReplay` function with the given `data`.
    /// @dev Either `assets` or `shares` should be zero. To repay max, pass the `shares`'s balance of `onBehalf`.
    /// @dev Repaying an amount corresponding to more shares than borrowed will revert for underflow.
    /// @dev It is advised to use the `shares` input when repaying the full position to avoid reverts due to conversion
    /// roundings between shares and assets.
    /// @dev An attacker can front-run a repay with a small repay making the transaction revert for underflow.
    /// @param marketParams The market to repay assets to.
    /// @param assets The amount of assets to repay.
    /// @param shares The amount of shares to burn.
    /// @param onBehalf The address of the owner of the debt position.
    /// @param data Arbitrary data to pass to the `onMorphoRepay` callback. Pass empty data if not needed.
    /// @return assetsRepaid The amount of assets repaid.
    /// @return sharesRepaid The amount of shares burned.
    function repay(
        MarketParams memory marketParams,
        uint256 assets,
        uint256 shares,
        address onBehalf,
        bytes memory data
    ) external returns (uint256 assetsRepaid, uint256 sharesRepaid);

    /// @notice Supplies `assets` of collateral on behalf of `onBehalf`, optionally calling back the caller's
    /// `onMorphoSupplyCollateral` function with the given `data`.
    /// @dev Interest are not accrued since it's not required and it saves gas.
    /// @dev Supplying a large amount can revert for overflow.
    /// @param marketParams The market to supply collateral to.
    /// @param assets The amount of collateral to supply.
    /// @param onBehalf The address that will own the increased collateral position.
    /// @param data Arbitrary data to pass to the `onMorphoSupplyCollateral` callback. Pass empty data if not needed.
    function supplyCollateral(MarketParams memory marketParams, uint256 assets, address onBehalf, bytes memory data)
        external;

    /// @notice Withdraws `assets` of collateral on behalf of `onBehalf` and sends the assets to `receiver`.
    /// @dev `msg.sender` must be authorized to manage `onBehalf`'s positions.
    /// @dev Withdrawing an amount corresponding to more collateral than supplied will revert for underflow.
    /// @param marketParams The market to withdraw collateral from.
    /// @param assets The amount of collateral to withdraw.
    /// @param onBehalf The address of the owner of the collateral position.
    /// @param receiver The address that will receive the collateral assets.
    function withdrawCollateral(MarketParams memory marketParams, uint256 assets, address onBehalf, address receiver)
        external;

    /// @notice Liquidates the given `repaidShares` of debt asset or seize the given `seizedAssets` of collateral on the
    /// given market `marketParams` of the given `borrower`'s position, optionally calling back the caller's
    /// `onMorphoLiquidate` function with the given `data`.
    /// @dev Either `seizedAssets` or `repaidShares` should be zero.
    /// @dev Seizing more than the collateral balance will underflow and revert without any error message.
    /// @dev Repaying more than the borrow balance will underflow and revert without any error message.
    /// @dev An attacker can front-run a liquidation with a small repay making the transaction revert for underflow.
    /// @param marketParams The market of the position.
    /// @param borrower The owner of the position.
    /// @param seizedAssets The amount of collateral to seize.
    /// @param repaidShares The amount of shares to repay.
    /// @param data Arbitrary data to pass to the `onMorphoLiquidate` callback. Pass empty data if not needed.
    /// @return The amount of assets seized.
    /// @return The amount of assets repaid.
    function liquidate(
        MarketParams memory marketParams,
        address borrower,
        uint256 seizedAssets,
        uint256 repaidShares,
        bytes memory data
    ) external returns (uint256, uint256);

    /// @notice Executes a flash loan.
    /// @dev Flash loans have access to the whole balance of the contract (the liquidity and deposited collateral of all
    /// markets combined, plus donations).
    /// @dev Warning: Not ERC-3156 compliant but compatibility is easily reached:
    /// - `flashFee` is zero.
    /// - `maxFlashLoan` is the token's balance of this contract.
    /// - The receiver of `assets` is the caller.
    /// @param token The token to flash loan.
    /// @param assets The amount of assets to flash loan.
    /// @param data Arbitrary data to pass to the `onMorphoFlashLoan` callback.
    function flashLoan(address token, uint256 assets, bytes calldata data) external;

    /// @notice Sets the authorization for `authorized` to manage `msg.sender`'s positions.
    /// @param authorized The authorized address.
    /// @param newIsAuthorized The new authorization status.
    function setAuthorization(address authorized, bool newIsAuthorized) external;

    /// @notice Sets the authorization for `authorization.authorized` to manage `authorization.authorizer`'s positions.
    /// @dev Warning: Reverts if the signature has already been submitted.
    /// @dev The signature is malleable, but it has no impact on the security here.
    /// @dev The nonce is passed as argument to be able to revert with a different error message.
    /// @param authorization The `Authorization` struct.
    /// @param signature The signature.
    function setAuthorizationWithSig(Authorization calldata authorization, Signature calldata signature) external;

    /// @notice Accrues interest for the given market `marketParams`.
    function accrueInterest(MarketParams memory marketParams) external;

    /// @notice Returns the data stored on the different `slots`.
    function extSloads(bytes32[] memory slots) external view returns (bytes32[] memory);
}

/// @dev This interface is inherited by Morpho so that function signatures are checked by the compiler.
/// @dev Consider using the IMorpho interface instead of this one.
interface IMorphoStaticTyping is IMorphoBase {
    /// @notice The state of the position of `user` on the market corresponding to `id`.
    /// @dev Warning: For `feeRecipient`, `supplyShares` does not contain the accrued shares since the last interest
    /// accrual.
    function position(Id id, address user)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256 supplyShares, uint128 borrowShares, uint128 collateral);

    /// @notice The state of the market corresponding to `id`.
    /// @dev Warning: `totalSupplyAssets` does not contain the accrued interest since the last interest accrual.
    /// @dev Warning: `totalBorrowAssets` does not contain the accrued interest since the last interest accrual.
    /// @dev Warning: `totalSupplyShares` does not contain the accrued shares by `feeRecipient` since the last interest
    /// accrual.
    function market(Id id)
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint128 totalSupplyAssets,
            uint128 totalSupplyShares,
            uint128 totalBorrowAssets,
            uint128 totalBorrowShares,
            uint128 lastUpdate,
            uint128 fee
        );

    /// @notice The market params corresponding to `id`.
    /// @dev This mapping is not used in Morpho. It is there to enable reducing the cost associated to calldata on layer
    /// 2s by creating a wrapper contract with functions that take `id` as input instead of `marketParams`.
    function idToMarketParams(Id id)
        external
        view
        returns (address loanToken, address collateralToken, address oracle, address irm, uint256 lltv);
}

/// @title IMorpho
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact security@morpho.org
/// @dev Use this interface for Morpho to have access to all the functions with the appropriate function signatures.
interface IMorpho is IMorphoBase {
    /// @notice The state of the position of `user` on the market corresponding to `id`.
    /// @dev Warning: For `feeRecipient`, `p.supplyShares` does not contain the accrued shares since the last interest
    /// accrual.
    function position(Id id, address user) external view returns (Position memory p);

    /// @notice The state of the market corresponding to `id`.
    /// @dev Warning: `m.totalSupplyAssets` does not contain the accrued interest since the last interest accrual.
    /// @dev Warning: `m.totalBorrowAssets` does not contain the accrued interest since the last interest accrual.
    /// @dev Warning: `m.totalSupplyShares` does not contain the accrued shares by `feeRecipient` since the last
    /// interest accrual.
    function market(Id id) external view returns (Market memory m);

    /// @notice The market params corresponding to `id`.
    /// @dev This mapping is not used in Morpho. It is there to enable reducing the cost associated to calldata on layer
    /// 2s by creating a wrapper contract with functions that take `id` as input instead of `marketParams`.
    function idToMarketParams(Id id) external view returns (MarketParams memory);
}
"
    },
    "lib/morpho-blue/src/libraries/ConstantsLib.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/// @dev The maximum fee a market can have (25%).
uint256 constant MAX_FEE = 0.25e18;

/// @dev Oracle price scale.
uint256 constant ORACLE_PRICE_SCALE = 1e36;

/// @dev Liquidation cursor.
uint256 constant LIQUIDATION_CURSOR = 0.3e18;

/// @dev Max liquidation incentive factor.
uint256 constant MAX_LIQUIDATION_INCENTIVE_FACTOR = 1.15e18;

/// @dev The EIP-712 typeHash for EIP712Domain.
bytes32 constant DOMAIN_TYPEHASH = keccak256("EIP712Domain(uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");

/// @dev The EIP-712 typeHash for Authorization.
bytes32 constant AUTHORIZATION_TYPEHASH =
    keccak256("Authorization(address authorizer,address authorized,bool isAuthorized,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
"
    },
    "lib/morpho-blue/src/libraries/MathLib.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

uint256 constant WAD = 1e18;

/// @title MathLib
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact security@morpho.org
/// @notice Library to manage fixed-point arithmetic.
library MathLib {
    /// @dev Returns (`x` * `y`) / `WAD` rounded down.
    function wMulDown(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivDown(x, y, WAD);
    }

    /// @dev Returns (`x` * `WAD`) / `y` rounded down.
    function wDivDown(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivDown(x, WAD, y);
    }

    /// @dev Returns (`x` * `WAD`) / `y` rounded up.
    function wDivUp(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDivUp(x, WAD, y);
    }

    /// @dev Returns (`x` * `y`) / `d` rounded down.
    function mulDivDown(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 d) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return (x * y) / d;
    }

    /// @dev Returns (`x` * `y`) / `d` rounded up.
    function mulDivUp(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 d) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return (x * y + (d - 1)) / d;
    }

    /// @dev Returns the sum of the first three non-zero terms of a Taylor expansion of e^(nx) - 1, to approximate a
    /// continuous compound interest rate.
    function wTaylorCompounded(uint256 x, uint256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 firstTerm = x * n;
        uint256 secondTerm = mulDivDown(firstTerm, firstTerm, 2 * WAD);
        uint256 thirdTerm = mulDivDown(secondTerm, firstTerm, 3 * WAD);

        return firstTerm + secondTerm + thirdTerm;
    }
}
"
    },
    "lib/morpho-blue/src/libraries/UtilsLib.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {ErrorsLib} from "../libraries/ErrorsLib.sol";

/// @title UtilsLib
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact security@morpho.org
/// @notice Library exposing helpers.
/// @dev Inspired by https://github.com/morpho-org/morpho-utils.
library UtilsLib {
    /// @dev Returns true if there is exactly one zero among `x` and `y`.
    function exactlyOneZero(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (bool z) {
        assembly {
            z := xor(iszero(x), iszero(y))
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns the min of `x` and `y`.
    function min(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            z := xor(x, mul(xor(x, y), lt(y, x)))
        }
    }

    /// @dev Returns `x` safely cast to uint128.
    function toUint128(uint256 x) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(x <= type(uint128).max, ErrorsLib.MAX_UINT128_EXCEEDED);
        return uint128(x);
    }

    /// @dev Returns max(0, x - y).
    function zeroFloorSub(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        assembly {
            z := mul(gt(x, y), sub(x, y))
        }
    }
}
"
    },
    "lib/morpho-blue/src/libraries/SharesMathLib.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {MathLib} from "./MathLib.sol";

/// @title SharesMathLib
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact security@morpho.org
/// @notice Shares management library.
/// @dev This implementation mitigates share price manipulations, using OpenZeppelin's method of virtual shares:
/// https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/erc4626#inflation-attack.
library SharesMathLib {
    using MathLib for uint256;

    /// @dev The number of virtual shares has been chosen low enough to prevent overflows, and high enough to ensure
    /// high precision computations.
    /// @dev Virtual shares can never be redeemed for the assets they are entitled to, but it is assumed the share price
    /// stays low enough not to inflate these assets to a significant value.
    /// @dev Warning: The assets to which virtual borrow shares are entitled behave like unrealizable bad debt.
    uint256 internal constant VIRTUAL_SHARES = 1e6;

    /// @dev A number of virtual assets of 1 enforces a conversion rate between shares and assets when a market is
    /// empty.
    uint256 internal constant VIRTUAL_ASSETS = 1;

    /// @dev Calculates the value of `assets` quoted in shares, rounding down.
    function toSharesDown(uint256 assets, uint256 totalAssets, uint256 totalShares) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return assets.mulDivDown(totalShares + VIRTUAL_SHARES, totalAssets + VIRTUAL_ASSETS);
    }

    /// @dev Calculates the value of `shares` quoted in assets, rounding down.
    function toAssetsDown(uint256 shares, uint256 totalAssets, uint256 totalShares) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return shares.mulDivDown(totalAssets + VIRTUAL_ASSETS, totalShares + VIRTUAL_SHARES);
    }

    /// @dev Calculates the value of `assets` quoted in shares, rounding up.
    function toSharesUp(uint256 assets, uint256 totalAssets, uint256 totalShares) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return assets.mulDivUp(totalShares + VIRTUAL_SHARES, totalAssets + VIRTUAL_ASSETS);
    }

    /// @dev Calculates the value of `shares` quoted in assets, rounding up.
    function toAssetsUp(uint256 shares, uint256 totalAssets, uint256 totalShares) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return shares.mulDivUp(totalAssets + VIRTUAL_ASSETS, totalShares + VIRTUAL_SHARES);
    }
}
"
    },
    "lib/morpho-blue/src/interfaces/IOracle.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity >=0.5.0;

/// @title IOracle
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact security@morpho.org
/// @notice Interface that oracles used by Morpho must implement.
/// @dev It is the user's responsibility to select markets with safe oracles.
interface IOracle {
    /// @notice Returns the price of 1 asset of collateral token quoted in 1 asset of loan token, scaled by 1e36.
    /// @dev It corresponds to the price of 10**(collateral token decimals) assets of collateral token quoted in
    /// 10**(loan token decimals) assets of loan token with `36 + loan token decimals - collateral token decimals`
    /// decimals of precision.
    function price() external view returns (uint256);
}
"
    },
    "lib/morpho-blue/src/libraries/periphery/MorphoBalancesLib.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {Id, MarketParams, Market, IMorpho} from "../../interfaces/IMorpho.sol";
import {IIrm} from "../../interfaces/IIrm.sol";

import {MathLib} from "../MathLib.sol";
import {UtilsLib} from "../UtilsLib.sol";
import {MorphoLib} from "./MorphoLib.sol";
import {SharesMathLib} from "../SharesMathLib.sol";
import {MarketParamsLib} from "../MarketParamsLib.sol";

/// @title MorphoBalancesLib
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact security@morpho.org
/// @notice Helper library exposing getters with the expected value after interest accrual.
/// @dev This library is not used in Morpho itself and is intended to be used by integrators.
/// @dev The getter to retrieve the expected total borrow shares is not exposed because interest accrual does not apply
/// to it. The value can be queried directly on Morpho using `totalBorrowShares`.
library MorphoBalancesLib {
    using MathLib for uint256;
    using MathLib for uint128;
    using UtilsLib for uint256;
    using MorphoLib for IMorpho;
    using SharesMathLib for uint256;
    using MarketParamsLib for MarketParams;

    /// @notice Returns the expected market balances of a market after having accrued interest.
    /// @return The expected total supply assets.
    /// @return The expected total supply shares.
    /// @return The expected total borrow assets.
    /// @return The expected total borrow shares.
    function expectedMarketBalances(IMorpho morpho, MarketParams memory marketParams)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256)
    {
        Id id = marketParams.id();
        Market memory market = morpho.market(id);

        uint256 elapsed = block.timestamp - market.lastUpdate;

        // Skipped if elapsed == 0 or totalBorrowAssets == 0 because interest would be null, or if irm == address(0).
        if (elapsed != 0 && market.totalBorrowAssets != 0 && marketParams.irm != address(0)) {
            uint256 borrowRate = IIrm(marketParams.irm).borrowRateView(marketParams, market);
            uint256 interest = market.totalBorrowAssets.wMulDown(borrowRate.wTaylorCompounded(elapsed));
            market.totalBorrowAssets += interest.toUint128();
            market.totalSupplyAssets += interest.toUint128();

            if (market.fee != 0) {
                uint256 feeAmount = interest.wMulDown(market.fee);
                // The fee amount is subtracted from the total supply in this calculation to compensate for the fact
                // that total supply is already updated.
                uint256 feeShares =
                    feeAmount.toSharesDown(market.totalSupplyAssets - feeAmount, market.totalSupplyShares);
                market.totalSupplyShares += feeShares.toUint128();
            }
        }

        return (market.totalSupplyAssets, market.totalSupplyShares, market.totalBorrowAssets, market.totalBorrowShares);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the expected total supply assets of a market after having accrued interest.
    function expectedTotalSupplyAssets(IMorpho morpho, MarketParams memory marketParams)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256 totalSupplyAssets)
    {
        (totalSupplyAssets,,,) = expectedMarketBalances(morpho, marketParams);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the expected total borrow assets of a market after having accrued interest.
    function expectedTotalBorrowAssets(IMorpho morpho, MarketParams memory marketParams)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256 totalBorrowAssets)
    {
        (,, totalBorrowAssets,) = expectedMarketBalances(morpho, marketParams);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the expected total supply shares of a market after having accrued interest.
    function expectedTotalSupplyShares(IMorpho morpho, MarketParams memory marketParams)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256 totalSupplyShares)
    {
        (, totalSupplyShares,,) = expectedMarketBalances(morpho, marketParams);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the expected supply assets balance of `user` on a market after having accrued interest.
    /// @dev Warning: Wrong for `feeRecipient` because their supply shares increase is not taken into account.
    /// @dev Warning: Withdrawing using the expected supply assets can lead to a revert due to conversion roundings from
    /// assets to shares.
    function expectedSupplyAssets(IMorpho morpho, MarketParams memory marketParams, address user)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        Id id = marketParams.id();
        uint256 supplyShares = morpho.supplyShares(id, user);
        (uint256 totalSupplyAssets, uint256 totalSupplyShares,,) = expectedMarketBalances(morpho, marketParams);

        return supplyShares.toAssetsDown(totalSupplyAssets, totalSupplyShares);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the expected borrow assets balance of `user` on a market after having accrued interest.
    /// @dev Warning: The expected balance is rounded up, so it may be greater than the market's expected total borrow
    /// assets.
    function expectedBorrowAssets(IMorpho morpho, MarketParams memory marketParams, address user)
        internal
        view
        returns (uint256)
    {
        Id id = marketParams.id();
        uint256 borrowShares = morpho.borrowShares(id, user);
        (,, uint256 totalBorrowAssets, uint256 totalBorrowShares) = expectedMarketBalances(morpho, marketParams);

        return borrowShares.toAssetsUp(totalBorrowAssets, totalBorrowShares);
    }
}
"
    },
    "lib/morpho-blue/src/libraries/periphery/MorphoLib.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {IMorpho, Id} from "../../interfaces/IMorpho.sol";
import {MorphoStorageLib} from "./MorphoStorageLib.sol";

/// @title MorphoLib
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact security@morpho.org
/// @notice Helper library to access Morpho storage variables.
/// @dev Warning: Supply and borrow getters may return outdated values that do not include accrued interest.
library MorphoLib {
    function supplyShares(IMorpho morpho, Id id, address user) internal view returns (uint256) {
        bytes32[] memory slot = _array(MorphoStorageLib.positionSupplySharesSlot(id, user));
        return uint256(morpho.extSloads(slot)[0]);
    }

    function borrowShares(IMorpho morpho, Id id, address user) internal view returns (uint256) {
        bytes32[] memory slot = _array(MorphoStorageLib.positionBorrowSharesAndCollateralSlot(id, user));
        return uint128(uint256(morpho.extSloads(slot)[0]));
    }

    function collateral(IMorpho morpho, Id id, address user) internal view returns (uint256) {
        bytes32[] memory slot = _array(MorphoStorageLib.positionBorrowSharesAndCollateralSlot(id, user));
        return uint256(morpho.extSloads(slot)[0] >> 128);
    }

    function totalSupplyAssets(IMorpho morpho, Id id) internal view returns (uint256) {
        bytes32[] memory slot = _array(MorphoStorageLib.marketTotalSupplyAssetsAndSharesSlot(id));
        return uint128(uint256(morpho.extSloads(slot)[0]));
    }

    function totalSupplyShares(IMorpho morpho, Id id) internal view returns (uint256) {
        bytes32[] memory slot = _array(MorphoStorageLib.marketTotalSupplyAssetsAndSharesSlot(id));
        return uint256(morpho.extSloads(slot)[0] >> 128);
    }

    function totalBorrowAssets(IMorpho morpho, Id id) internal view returns (uint256) {
        bytes32[] memory slot = _array(MorphoStorageLib.marketTotalBorrowAssetsAndSharesSlot(id));
        return uint128(uint256(morpho.extSloads(slot)[0]));
    }

    function totalBorrowShares(IMorpho morpho, Id id) internal view returns (uint256) {
        bytes32[] memory slot = _array(MorphoStorageLib.marketTotalBorrowAssetsAndSharesSlot(id));
        return uint256(morpho.extSloads(slot)[0] >> 128);
    }

    function lastUpdate(IMorpho morpho, Id id) internal view returns (uint256) {
        bytes32[] memory slot = _array(MorphoStorageLib.marketLastUpdateAndFeeSlot(id));
        return uint128(uint256(morpho.extSloads(slot)[0]));
    }

    function fee(IMorpho morpho, Id id) internal view returns (uint256) {
        bytes32[] memory slot = _array(MorphoStorageLib.marketLastUpdateAndFeeSlot(id));
        return uint256(morpho.extSloads(slot)[0] >> 128);
    }

    function _array(bytes32 x) private pure returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory res = new bytes32[](1);
        res[0] = x;
        return res;
    }
}
"
    },
    "lib/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/lib/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol": {
      "content": "// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Panic} from "../Panic.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "./SafeCast.sol";

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Floor, // Toward negative infinity
        Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
        Trunc, // Toward zero
        Expand // Away from zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an success flag (no overflow).
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an success flag (no overflow).
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an success flag (no overflow).
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no division by zero).
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a success flag (no division by zero).
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Branchless ternary evaluation for `a ? b : c`. Gas costs are constant.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: This function may reduce bytecode size and consume less gas when used standalone.
     * However, the compiler may optimize Solidity ternary operations (i.e. `a ? b : c`) to only compute
     * one branch when needed, making this function more expensive.
     */
    function ternary(bool condition, uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // branchless ternary works because:
            // b ^ (a ^ b) == a
            // b ^ 0 == b
            return b ^ ((a ^ b) * SafeCast.toUint(condition));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ternary(a > b, a, b);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return ternary(a < b, a, b);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
     * of rounding towards zero.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (b == 0) {
            // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
            Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
        }

        // The following calculation ensures accurate ceiling division without overflow.
        // Since a is non-zero, (a - 1) / b will not overflow.
        // The largest possible result occurs when (a - 1) / b is type(uint256).max,
        // but the largest value we can obtain is type(uint256).max - 1, which happens
        // when a = type(uint256).max and b = 1.
        unchecked {
            return SafeCast.toUint(a > 0) * ((a - 1) / b + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
     * denominator == 0.
     *
     * Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
     * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2²⁵⁶ and mod 2²⁵⁶ - 1, then use
            // the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2²⁵⁶ + prod0.
            uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2²⁵⁶. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            if (denominator <= prod1) {
                Panic.panic(ternary(denominator == 0, Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO, Panic.UNDER_OVERFLOW));
            }

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
            // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2²⁵⁶ / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2²⁵⁶. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2²⁵⁶ such
            // that denominator * inv ≡ 1 mod 2²⁵⁶. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv ≡ 1 mod 2⁴.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
            // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2⁸
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2¹⁶
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2³²
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2⁶⁴
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2¹²⁸
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2²⁵⁶

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2²⁵⁶. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2²⁵⁶, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mulDiv(x, y, denominator) + SafeCast.toUint(unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calculate the modular multiplicative inverse of a number in Z/nZ.
     *
     * If n is a prime, then Z/nZ is a field. In that case all elements are inversible, except 0.
     * If n is not a prime, then Z/nZ is not a field, and some elements might not be inversible.
     *
     * If the input value is not inversible, 0 is returned.
     *
     * NOTE: If you know for sure that n is (big) a prime, it may be cheaper to use Fermat's little theorem and get the
     * inverse using `Math.modExp(a, n - 2, n)`. See {invModPrime}.
     */
    function invMod(uint256 a, uint256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (n == 0) return 0;

            // The inverse modulo is calculated using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm (iterative version)
            // Used to compute integers x and y such that: ax + ny = gcd(a, n).
            // When the gcd is 1, then the inverse of a modulo n exists and it's x.
            // ax + ny = 1
            // ax = 1 + (-y)n
            // ax ≡ 1 (mod n) # x is the inverse of a modulo n

            // If the remainder is 0 the gcd is n right away.
            uint256 remainder = a % n;
            uint256 gcd = n;

            // Therefore the initial coefficients are:
            // ax + ny = gcd(a, n) = n
            // 0a + 1n = n
            int256 x = 0;
            int256 y = 1;

            while (remainder != 0) {
                uint256 quotient = gcd / remainder;

                (gcd, remainder) = (
                    // The old remainder is the next gcd to try.
                    remainder,
                    // Compute the next remainder.
                    // Can't overflow given that (a % gcd) * (gcd // (a % gcd)) <= gcd
                    // where gcd is at most n (capped to type(uint256).max)
                    gcd - remainder * quotient
                );

                (x, y) = (
                    // Increment the coefficient of a.
                    y,
                    // Decrement the coefficient of n.
                    // Can overflow, but the result is casted to uint256 so that the
                    // next value of y is "wrapped around" to a value between 0 and n - 1.
                    x - y * int256(quotient)
                );
            }

            if (gcd != 1) return 0; // No inverse exists.
            return ternary(x < 0, n - uint256(-x), uint256(x)); // Wrap the result if it's negative.
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {invMod}. More efficient, but only works if `p` is known to be a prime greater than `2`.
     *
     * From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_little_theorem[Fermat's little theorem], we know that if p is
     * prime, then `a**(p-1) ≡ 1 mod p`. As a consequence, we have `a * a**(p-2) ≡ 1 mod p`, which means that
     * `a**(p-2)` is the modular multiplicative inverse of a in Fp.
     *
     * NOTE: this function does NOT check that `p` is a prime greater than `2`.
     */
    function invModPrime(uint256 a, uint256 p) internal view returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            return Math.modExp(a, p - 2, p);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the modular exponentiation of the specified base, exponent and modulus (b ** e % m)
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - modulus can't be zero
     * - underlying staticcall to precompile must succeed
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The result is only valid if the underlying call succeeds. When using this function, make
     * sure the chain you're using it on supports the precompiled contract for modular exponentiation
     * at address 0x05 as specified in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-198[EIP-198]. Otherwise,
     * the underlying function will succeed given the lack of a revert, but the result may be incorrectly
     * interpreted as 0.
     */
    function modExp(uint256 b, uint256 e, uint256 m) internal view returns (uint256) {
        (bool success, uint256 result) = tryModExp(b, e, m);
        if (!success) {
            Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the modular exponentiation of the specified base, exponent and modulus (b ** e % m).
     * It includes a success flag indicating if the operation succeeded. Operation will be marked as failed if trying
     * to operate modulo 0 or if the underlying precompile reverted.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The result is only valid if the success flag is true. When using this function, make sure the chain
     * you're using it on supports the precompiled contract for modular exponentiation at address 0x05 as specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-198[EIP-198]. Otherwise, the underlying function will succeed given the lack
     * of a revert, but the result may be incorrectly interpreted as 0.
     */
    function tryModExp(uint256 b, uint256 e, uint256 m) internal view returns (bool success, uint256 result) {
        if (m == 0) return (false, 0);
        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            // | Offset    | Content    | Content (Hex)                                                      |
            // |-----------|------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
            // | 0x00:0x1f | size of b  | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
            // | 0x20:0x3f | size of e  | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
            // | 0x40:0x5f | size of m  | 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020 |
            // | 0x60:0x7f | value of b | 0x<.............................................................b> |
            // | 0x80:0x9f | value of e | 0x<.............................................................e> |
            // | 0xa0:0xbf | value of m | 0x<.............................................................m> |
            mstore(ptr, 0x20)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x20), 0x20)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x40), 0x20)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x60), b)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x80), e)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0xa0), m)

            // Given the result < m, it's guaranteed to fit in 32 bytes,
            // so we can use the memory scratch space located at offset 0.
            success := staticcall(gas(), 0x05, ptr, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x20)
            result := mload(0x00)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {modExp} that supports inputs of arbitrary length.
     */
    function modExp(bytes memory b, bytes memory e, bytes memory m) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory result) = tryModExp(b, e, m);
        if (!success) {
            Panic.panic(Panic.DIVISION_BY_ZERO);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {tryModExp} that supports inputs of arbitrary length.
     */
    function tryModExp(
        bytes memory b,
        bytes memory e,
        bytes memory m
    ) internal view returns (bool success, bytes memory result) {
        if (_zeroBytes(m)) return (false, new bytes(0));

        uint256 mLen = m.length;

        // Encode call args in result and move the free memory pointer
        result = abi.encodePacked(b.length, e.length, mLen, b, e, m);

        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let dataPtr := add(result, 0x20)
            // Write result on top of args to avoid allocating extra memory.
            success := staticcall(gas(), 0x05, dataPtr, mload(result), dataPtr, mLen)
            // Overwrite the length.
            // result.length > returndatasize() is guaranteed because returndatasize() == m.length
            mstore(result, mLen)
            // Set the memory pointer after the returned data.
            mstore(0x40, add(dataPtr, mLen))
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the provided byte array is zero.
     */
    function _zeroBytes(bytes memory byteArray) private pure ret