DssSpell

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
pragma solidity =0.8.16 >=0.5.12 ^0.8.16;

// lib/dss-exec-lib/src/CollateralOpts.sol

//
// CollateralOpts.sol -- Data structure for onboarding collateral
//
// Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Dai Foundation
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

struct CollateralOpts {
    bytes32 ilk;
    address gem;
    address join;
    address clip;
    address calc;
    address pip;
    bool    isLiquidatable;
    bool    isOSM;
    bool    whitelistOSM;
    uint256 ilkDebtCeiling;
    uint256 minVaultAmount;
    uint256 maxLiquidationAmount;
    uint256 liquidationPenalty;
    uint256 ilkStabilityFee;
    uint256 startingPriceFactor;
    uint256 breakerTolerance;
    uint256 auctionDuration;
    uint256 permittedDrop;
    uint256 liquidationRatio;
    uint256 kprFlatReward;
    uint256 kprPctReward;
}

// lib/dss-exec-lib/src/DssExec.sol

//
// DssExec.sol -- MakerDAO Executive Spell Template
//
// Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Dai Foundation
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

interface PauseAbstract {
    function delay() external view returns (uint256);
    function plot(address, bytes32, bytes calldata, uint256) external;
    function exec(address, bytes32, bytes calldata, uint256) external returns (bytes memory);
}

interface Changelog {
    function getAddress(bytes32) external view returns (address);
}

interface SpellAction {
    function officeHours() external view returns (bool);
    function description() external view returns (string memory);
    function nextCastTime(uint256) external view returns (uint256);
}

contract DssExec {

    Changelog      constant public log   = Changelog(0xdA0Ab1e0017DEbCd72Be8599041a2aa3bA7e740F);
    uint256                 public eta;
    bytes                   public sig;
    bool                    public done;
    bytes32       immutable public tag;
    address       immutable public action;
    uint256       immutable public expiration;
    PauseAbstract immutable public pause;

    // Provides a descriptive tag for bot consumption
    // This should be modified weekly to provide a summary of the actions
    // Hash: seth keccak -- "$(wget https://<executive-vote-canonical-post> -q -O - 2>/dev/null)"
    function description() external view returns (string memory) {
        return SpellAction(action).description();
    }

    function officeHours() external view returns (bool) {
        return SpellAction(action).officeHours();
    }

    function nextCastTime() external view returns (uint256 castTime) {
        return SpellAction(action).nextCastTime(eta);
    }

    // @param _description  A string description of the spell
    // @param _expiration   The timestamp this spell will expire. (Ex. block.timestamp + 30 days)
    // @param _spellAction  The address of the spell action
    constructor(uint256 _expiration, address _spellAction) {
        pause       = PauseAbstract(log.getAddress("MCD_PAUSE"));
        expiration  = _expiration;
        action      = _spellAction;

        sig = abi.encodeWithSignature("execute()");
        bytes32 _tag;                    // Required for assembly access
        address _action = _spellAction;  // Required for assembly access
        assembly { _tag := extcodehash(_action) }
        tag = _tag;
    }

    function schedule() public {
        require(block.timestamp <= expiration, "This contract has expired");
        require(eta == 0, "This spell has already been scheduled");
        eta = block.timestamp + PauseAbstract(pause).delay();
        pause.plot(action, tag, sig, eta);
    }

    function cast() public {
        require(!done, "spell-already-cast");
        done = true;
        pause.exec(action, tag, sig, eta);
    }
}

// lib/dss-test/lib/dss-interfaces/src/ERC/GemAbstract.sol

// A base ERC-20 abstract class
// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20
interface GemAbstract {
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
    function balanceOf(address) external view returns (uint256);
    function allowance(address, address) external view returns (uint256);
    function approve(address, uint256) external returns (bool);
    function transfer(address, uint256) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address, address, uint256) external returns (bool);
    function name() external view returns (string memory);
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// lib/dss-test/lib/dss-interfaces/src/dss/JugAbstract.sol

// https://github.com/makerdao/dss/blob/master/src/jug.sol
interface JugAbstract {
    function wards(address) external view returns (uint256);
    function rely(address) external;
    function deny(address) external;
    function ilks(bytes32) external view returns (uint256, uint256);
    function vat() external view returns (address);
    function vow() external view returns (address);
    function base() external view returns (uint256);
    function init(bytes32) external;
    function file(bytes32, bytes32, uint256) external;
    function file(bytes32, uint256) external;
    function file(bytes32, address) external;
    function drip(bytes32) external returns (uint256);
}

// lib/dss-test/lib/dss-interfaces/src/dss/VatAbstract.sol

// https://github.com/makerdao/dss/blob/master/src/vat.sol
interface VatAbstract {
    function wards(address) external view returns (uint256);
    function rely(address) external;
    function deny(address) external;
    function can(address, address) external view returns (uint256);
    function hope(address) external;
    function nope(address) external;
    function ilks(bytes32) external view returns (uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256, uint256);
    function urns(bytes32, address) external view returns (uint256, uint256);
    function gem(bytes32, address) external view returns (uint256);
    function dai(address) external view returns (uint256);
    function sin(address) external view returns (uint256);
    function debt() external view returns (uint256);
    function vice() external view returns (uint256);
    function Line() external view returns (uint256);
    function live() external view returns (uint256);
    function init(bytes32) external;
    function file(bytes32, uint256) external;
    function file(bytes32, bytes32, uint256) external;
    function cage() external;
    function slip(bytes32, address, int256) external;
    function flux(bytes32, address, address, uint256) external;
    function move(address, address, uint256) external;
    function frob(bytes32, address, address, address, int256, int256) external;
    function fork(bytes32, address, address, int256, int256) external;
    function grab(bytes32, address, address, address, int256, int256) external;
    function heal(uint256) external;
    function suck(address, address, uint256) external;
    function fold(bytes32, address, int256) external;
}

// lib/dss-test/lib/dss-interfaces/src/utils/WardsAbstract.sol

interface WardsAbstract {
    function wards(address) external view returns (uint256);
    function rely(address) external;
    function deny(address) external;
}

// lib/dss-exec-lib/src/DssExecLib.sol

//
// DssExecLib.sol -- MakerDAO Executive Spellcrafting Library
//
// Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Dai Foundation
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

interface Initializable {
    function init(bytes32) external;
}

interface Authorizable {
    function rely(address) external;
    function deny(address) external;
    function setAuthority(address) external;
}

interface Fileable {
    function file(bytes32, address) external;
    function file(bytes32, uint256) external;
    function file(bytes32, bytes32, uint256) external;
    function file(bytes32, bytes32, address) external;
}

interface Drippable {
    function drip() external returns (uint256);
    function drip(bytes32) external returns (uint256);
}

interface Pricing {
    function poke(bytes32) external;
}

interface ERC20 {
    function decimals() external returns (uint8);
}

interface DssVat {
    function hope(address) external;
    function nope(address) external;
    function ilks(bytes32) external returns (uint256 Art, uint256 rate, uint256 spot, uint256 line, uint256 dust);
    function Line() external view returns (uint256);
    function suck(address, address, uint256) external;
}

interface ClipLike {
    function vat() external returns (address);
    function dog() external returns (address);
    function spotter() external view returns (address);
    function calc() external view returns (address);
    function ilk() external returns (bytes32);
}

interface DogLike {
    function ilks(bytes32) external returns (address clip, uint256 chop, uint256 hole, uint256 dirt);
}

interface JoinLike {
    function vat() external returns (address);
    function ilk() external returns (bytes32);
    function gem() external returns (address);
    function dec() external returns (uint256);
    function join(address, uint256) external;
    function exit(address, uint256) external;
}

// Includes Median and OSM functions
interface OracleLike {
    function src() external view returns (address);
    function lift(address[] calldata) external;
    function drop(address[] calldata) external;
    function setBar(uint256) external;
    function kiss(address) external;
    function diss(address) external;
    function kiss(address[] calldata) external;
    function diss(address[] calldata) external;
    function orb0() external view returns (address);
    function orb1() external view returns (address);
}

interface MomLike {
    function setOsm(bytes32, address) external;
    function setPriceTolerance(address, uint256) external;
}

interface RegistryLike {
    function add(address) external;
    function xlip(bytes32) external view returns (address);
}

// https://github.com/makerdao/dss-chain-log
interface ChainlogLike {
    function setVersion(string calldata) external;
    function setIPFS(string calldata) external;
    function setSha256sum(string calldata) external;
    function getAddress(bytes32) external view returns (address);
    function setAddress(bytes32, address) external;
    function removeAddress(bytes32) external;
}

interface IAMLike {
    function ilks(bytes32) external view returns (uint256,uint256,uint48,uint48,uint48);
    function setIlk(bytes32,uint256,uint256,uint256) external;
    function remIlk(bytes32) external;
    function exec(bytes32) external returns (uint256);
}

interface LerpFactoryLike {
    function newLerp(bytes32 name_, address target_, bytes32 what_, uint256 startTime_, uint256 start_, uint256 end_, uint256 duration_) external returns (address);
    function newIlkLerp(bytes32 name_, address target_, bytes32 ilk_, bytes32 what_, uint256 startTime_, uint256 start_, uint256 end_, uint256 duration_) external returns (address);
}

interface LerpLike {
    function tick() external returns (uint256);
}

interface RwaOracleLike {
    function bump(bytes32 ilk, uint256 val) external;
}

library DssExecLib {

    /*****************/
    /*** Constants ***/
    /*****************/
    address constant public LOG = 0xdA0Ab1e0017DEbCd72Be8599041a2aa3bA7e740F;

    uint256 constant internal WAD      = 10 ** 18;
    uint256 constant internal RAY      = 10 ** 27;
    uint256 constant internal RAD      = 10 ** 45;
    uint256 constant internal THOUSAND = 10 ** 3;
    uint256 constant internal MILLION  = 10 ** 6;

    uint256 constant internal BPS_ONE_PCT             = 100;
    uint256 constant internal BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT     = 100 * BPS_ONE_PCT;
    uint256 constant internal RATES_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT   = 1000000021979553151239153027;

    /**********************/
    /*** Math Functions ***/
    /**********************/
    function wdiv(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = (x * WAD + y / 2) / y;
    }
    function rdiv(uint256 x, uint256 y) internal pure returns (uint256 z) {
        z = (x * RAY + y / 2) / y;
    }

    /****************************/
    /*** Core Address Helpers ***/
    /****************************/
    function dai()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_DAI"); }
    function mkr()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_GOV"); }
    function vat()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_VAT"); }
    function cat()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_CAT"); }
    function dog()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_DOG"); }
    function jug()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_JUG"); }
    function pot()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_POT"); }
    function vow()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_VOW"); }
    function end()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_END"); }
    function esm()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_ESM"); }
    function reg()        public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("ILK_REGISTRY"); }
    function spotter()    public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_SPOT"); }
    function flap()       public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_FLAP"); }
    function flop()       public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_FLOP"); }
    function osmMom()     public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("OSM_MOM"); }
    function govGuard()   public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("GOV_GUARD"); }
    function flipperMom() public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("FLIPPER_MOM"); }
    function clipperMom() public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("CLIPPER_MOM"); }
    function pauseProxy() public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_PAUSE_PROXY"); }
    function autoLine()   public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_IAM_AUTO_LINE"); }
    function daiJoin()    public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("MCD_JOIN_DAI"); }
    function lerpFab()    public view returns (address) { return getChangelogAddress("LERP_FAB"); }

    function clip(bytes32 _ilk) public view returns (address _clip) {
        _clip = RegistryLike(reg()).xlip(_ilk);
    }

    function flip(bytes32 _ilk) public view returns (address _flip) {
        _flip = RegistryLike(reg()).xlip(_ilk);
    }

    function calc(bytes32 _ilk) public view returns (address _calc) {
        _calc = ClipLike(clip(_ilk)).calc();
    }

    function getChangelogAddress(bytes32 _key) public view returns (address) {
        return ChainlogLike(LOG).getAddress(_key);
    }

    /****************************/
    /*** Changelog Management ***/
    /****************************/
    /**
        @dev Set an address in the MCD on-chain changelog.
        @param _key Access key for the address (e.g. "MCD_VAT")
        @param _val The address associated with the _key
    */
    function setChangelogAddress(bytes32 _key, address _val) public {
        ChainlogLike(LOG).setAddress(_key, _val);
    }

    /**
        @dev Set version in the MCD on-chain changelog.
        @param _version Changelog version (e.g. "1.1.2")
    */
    function setChangelogVersion(string memory _version) public {
        ChainlogLike(LOG).setVersion(_version);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set IPFS hash of IPFS changelog in MCD on-chain changelog.
        @param _ipfsHash IPFS hash (e.g. "QmefQMseb3AiTapiAKKexdKHig8wroKuZbmLtPLv4u2YwW")
    */
    function setChangelogIPFS(string memory _ipfsHash) public {
        ChainlogLike(LOG).setIPFS(_ipfsHash);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set SHA256 hash in MCD on-chain changelog.
        @param _SHA256Sum SHA256 hash (e.g. "e42dc9d043a57705f3f097099e6b2de4230bca9a020c797508da079f9079e35b")
    */
    function setChangelogSHA256(string memory _SHA256Sum) public {
        ChainlogLike(LOG).setSha256sum(_SHA256Sum);
    }

    /**********************/
    /*** Authorizations ***/
    /**********************/
    /**
        @dev Give an address authorization to perform auth actions on the contract.
        @param _base   The address of the contract where the authorization will be set
        @param _ward   Address to be authorized
    */
    function authorize(address _base, address _ward) public {
        Authorizable(_base).rely(_ward);
    }
    /**
        @dev Revoke contract authorization from an address.
        @param _base   The address of the contract where the authorization will be revoked
        @param _ward   Address to be deauthorized
    */
    function deauthorize(address _base, address _ward) public {
        Authorizable(_base).deny(_ward);
    }
    /**
        @dev Give an address authorization to perform auth actions on the contract.
        @param _base   The address of the contract with a `setAuthority` pattern
        @param _authority   Address to be authorized
    */
    function setAuthority(address _base, address _authority) public {
        Authorizable(_base).setAuthority(_authority);
    }
    /**
        @dev Delegate vat authority to the specified address.
        @param _usr Address to be authorized
    */
    function delegateVat(address _usr) public {
        DssVat(vat()).hope(_usr);
    }
    /**
        @dev Revoke vat authority to the specified address.
        @param _usr Address to be deauthorized
    */
    function undelegateVat(address _usr) public {
        DssVat(vat()).nope(_usr);
    }

    /******************************/
    /*** OfficeHours Management ***/
    /******************************/

    /**
        @dev Returns true if a time is within office hours range
        @param _ts           The timestamp to check, usually block.timestamp
        @param _officeHours  true if office hours is enabled.
        @return              true if time is in castable range
    */
    function canCast(uint40 _ts, bool _officeHours) public pure returns (bool) {
        if (_officeHours) {
            uint256 day = (_ts / 1 days + 3) % 7;
            if (day >= 5)                 { return false; }  // Can only be cast on a weekday
            uint256 hour = _ts / 1 hours % 24;
            if (hour < 14 || hour >= 21)  { return false; }  // Outside office hours
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
        @dev Calculate the next available cast time in epoch seconds
        @param _eta          The scheduled time of the spell plus the pause delay
        @param _ts           The current timestamp, usually block.timestamp
        @param _officeHours  true if office hours is enabled.
        @return castTime     The next available cast timestamp
    */
    function nextCastTime(uint40 _eta, uint40 _ts, bool _officeHours) public pure returns (uint256 castTime) {
        require(_eta != 0);  // "DssExecLib/invalid eta"
        require(_ts  != 0);  // "DssExecLib/invalid ts"
        castTime = _ts > _eta ? _ts : _eta; // Any day at XX:YY

        if (_officeHours) {
            uint256 day    = (castTime / 1 days + 3) % 7;
            uint256 hour   = castTime / 1 hours % 24;
            uint256 minute = castTime / 1 minutes % 60;
            uint256 second = castTime % 60;

            if (day >= 5) {
                castTime += (6 - day) * 1 days;                 // Go to Sunday XX:YY
                castTime += (24 - hour + 14) * 1 hours;         // Go to 14:YY UTC Monday
                castTime -= minute * 1 minutes + second;        // Go to 14:00 UTC
            } else {
                if (hour >= 21) {
                    if (day == 4) castTime += 2 days;           // If Friday, fast forward to Sunday XX:YY
                    castTime += (24 - hour + 14) * 1 hours;     // Go to 14:YY UTC next day
                    castTime -= minute * 1 minutes + second;    // Go to 14:00 UTC
                } else if (hour < 14) {
                    castTime += (14 - hour) * 1 hours;          // Go to 14:YY UTC same day
                    castTime -= minute * 1 minutes + second;    // Go to 14:00 UTC
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**************************/
    /*** Accumulating Rates ***/
    /**************************/
    /**
        @dev Update rate accumulation for the Dai Savings Rate (DSR).
    */
    function accumulateDSR() public {
        Drippable(pot()).drip();
    }
    /**
        @dev Update rate accumulation for the stability fees of a given collateral type.
        @param _ilk   Collateral type
    */
    function accumulateCollateralStabilityFees(bytes32 _ilk) public {
        Drippable(jug()).drip(_ilk);
    }

    /*********************/
    /*** Price Updates ***/
    /*********************/
    /**
        @dev Update price of a given collateral type.
        @param _ilk   Collateral type
    */
    function updateCollateralPrice(bytes32 _ilk) public {
        Pricing(spotter()).poke(_ilk);
    }

    /****************************/
    /*** System Configuration ***/
    /****************************/
    /**
        @dev Set a contract in another contract, defining the relationship (ex. set a new Calc contract in Clip)
        @param _base   The address of the contract where the new contract address will be filed
        @param _what   Name of contract to file
        @param _addr   Address of contract to file
    */
    function setContract(address _base, bytes32 _what, address _addr) public {
        Fileable(_base).file(_what, _addr);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set a contract in another contract, defining the relationship (ex. set a new Calc contract in a Clip)
        @param _base   The address of the contract where the new contract address will be filed
        @param _ilk    Collateral type
        @param _what   Name of contract to file
        @param _addr   Address of contract to file
    */
    function setContract(address _base, bytes32 _ilk, bytes32 _what, address _addr) public {
        Fileable(_base).file(_ilk, _what, _addr);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set a value in a contract, via a governance authorized File pattern.
        @param _base   The address of the contract where the new contract address will be filed
        @param _what   Name of tag for the value (e.x. "Line")
        @param _amt    The value to set or update
    */
    function setValue(address _base, bytes32 _what, uint256 _amt) public {
        Fileable(_base).file(_what, _amt);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set an ilk-specific value in a contract, via a governance authorized File pattern.
        @param _base   The address of the contract where the new value will be filed
        @param _ilk    Collateral type
        @param _what   Name of tag for the value (e.x. "Line")
        @param _amt    The value to set or update
    */
    function setValue(address _base, bytes32 _ilk, bytes32 _what, uint256 _amt) public {
        Fileable(_base).file(_ilk, _what, _amt);
    }

    /******************************/
    /*** System Risk Parameters ***/
    /******************************/
    // function setGlobalDebtCeiling(uint256 _amount) public { setGlobalDebtCeiling(vat(), _amount); }
    /**
        @dev Set the global debt ceiling. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function setGlobalDebtCeiling(uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-global-Line-precision"
        setValue(vat(), "Line", _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Increase the global debt ceiling by a specific amount. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _amount The amount to add in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function increaseGlobalDebtCeiling(uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-Line-increase-precision"
        address _vat = vat();
        setValue(_vat, "Line", DssVat(_vat).Line() + _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Decrease the global debt ceiling by a specific amount. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _amount The amount to reduce in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function decreaseGlobalDebtCeiling(uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-Line-decrease-precision"
        address _vat = vat();
        setValue(_vat, "Line", DssVat(_vat).Line() - _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the Dai Savings Rate. See: docs/rates.txt
        @param _rate   The accumulated rate (ex. 4% => 1000000001243680656318820312)
        @param _doDrip `true` to accumulate interest owed
    */
    function setDSR(uint256 _rate, bool _doDrip) public {
        require((_rate >= RAY) && (_rate <= RATES_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));  // "LibDssExec/dsr-out-of-bounds"
        if (_doDrip) Drippable(pot()).drip();
        setValue(pot(), "dsr", _rate);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the DAI amount for system surplus auctions. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function setSurplusAuctionAmount(uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-vow-bump-precision"
        setValue(vow(), "bump", _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the DAI amount for system surplus buffer, must be exceeded before surplus auctions start. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function setSurplusBuffer(uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-vow-hump-precision"
        setValue(vow(), "hump", _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set minimum bid increase for surplus auctions. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @dev Equation used for conversion is (1 + pct / 10,000) * WAD
        @param _pct_bps The pct, in basis points, to set in integer form (x100). (ex. 5% = 5 * 100 = 500)
    */
    function setMinSurplusAuctionBidIncrease(uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-flap-beg-precision"
        setValue(flap(), "beg", WAD + wdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }
    /**
        @dev Set bid duration for surplus auctions.
        @param _duration Amount of time for bids. (in seconds)
    */
    function setSurplusAuctionBidDuration(uint256 _duration) public {
        setValue(flap(), "ttl", _duration);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set total auction duration for surplus auctions.
        @param _duration Amount of time for auctions. (in seconds)
    */
    function setSurplusAuctionDuration(uint256 _duration) public {
        setValue(flap(), "tau", _duration);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the number of seconds that pass before system debt is auctioned for MKR tokens.
        @param _duration Duration in seconds
    */
    function setDebtAuctionDelay(uint256 _duration) public {
        setValue(vow(), "wait", _duration);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the DAI amount for system debt to be covered by each debt auction. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function setDebtAuctionDAIAmount(uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-vow-sump-precision"
        setValue(vow(), "sump", _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the starting MKR amount to be auctioned off to cover system debt in debt auctions. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _amount The amount to set in MKR (ex. 250 MKR amount == 250)
    */
    function setDebtAuctionMKRAmount(uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-vow-dump-precision"
        setValue(vow(), "dump", _amount * WAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set minimum bid increase for debt auctions. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @dev Equation used for conversion is (1 + pct / 10,000) * WAD
        @param _pct_bps    The pct, in basis points, to set in integer form (x100). (ex. 5% = 5 * 100 = 500)
    */
    function setMinDebtAuctionBidIncrease(uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-flop-beg-precision"
        setValue(flop(), "beg", WAD + wdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }
    /**
        @dev Set bid duration for debt auctions.
        @param _duration Amount of time for bids. (seconds)
    */
    function setDebtAuctionBidDuration(uint256 _duration) public {
        require(_duration < type(uint48).max);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-flop-ttl-precision"
        setValue(flop(), "ttl", _duration);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set total auction duration for debt auctions.
        @param _duration Amount of time for auctions. (seconds)
    */
    function setDebtAuctionDuration(uint256 _duration) public {
        require(_duration < type(uint48).max);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-flop-tau-precision"
        setValue(flop(), "tau", _duration);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the rate of increasing amount of MKR out for auction during debt auctions. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @dev MKR amount is increased by this rate every "tick" (if auction duration has passed and no one has bid on the MKR)
        @dev Equation used for conversion is (1 + pct / 10,000) * WAD
        @param _pct_bps    The pct, in basis points, to set in integer form (x100). (ex. 5% = 5 * 100 = 500)
    */
    function setDebtAuctionMKRIncreaseRate(uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-flop-pad-precision"
        setValue(flop(), "pad", WAD + wdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the maximum total DAI amount that can be out for liquidation in the system at any point. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 250,000 DAI amount == 250000)
    */
    function setMaxTotalDAILiquidationAmount(uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-dog-Hole-precision"
        setValue(dog(), "Hole", _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev (LIQ 1.2) Set the maximum total DAI amount that can be out for liquidation in the system at any point. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 250,000 DAI amount == 250000)
    */
    function setMaxTotalDAILiquidationAmountLEGACY(uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-cat-box-amount"
        setValue(cat(), "box", _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the duration of time that has to pass during emergency shutdown before collateral can start being claimed by DAI holders.
        @param _duration Time in seconds to set for ES processing time
    */
    function setEmergencyShutdownProcessingTime(uint256 _duration) public {
        setValue(end(), "wait", _duration);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the global stability fee (is not typically used, currently is 0).
            Many of the settings that change weekly rely on the rate accumulator
            described at https://docs.makerdao.com/smart-contract-modules/rates-module
            To check this yourself, use the following rate calculation (example 8%):

            $ bc -l <<< 'scale=27; e( l(1.08)/(60 * 60 * 24 * 365) )'

            A table of rates can also be found at:
            https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmefQMseb3AiTapiAKKexdKHig8wroKuZbmLtPLv4u2YwW
        @param _rate   The accumulated rate (ex. 4% => 1000000001243680656318820312)
    */
    function setGlobalStabilityFee(uint256 _rate) public {
        require((_rate >= RAY) && (_rate <= RATES_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));  // "LibDssExec/global-stability-fee-out-of-bounds"
        setValue(jug(), "base", _rate);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the value of DAI in the reference asset (e.g. $1 per DAI). Value will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @dev Equation used for conversion is value * RAY / 1000
        @param _value The value to set as integer (x1000) (ex. $1.025 == 1025)
    */
    function setDAIReferenceValue(uint256 _value) public {
        require(_value < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-par-precision"
        setValue(spotter(), "par", rdiv(_value, 1000));
    }

    /*****************************/
    /*** Collateral Management ***/
    /*****************************/
    /**
        @dev Set a collateral debt ceiling. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function setIlkDebtCeiling(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-line-precision"
        setValue(vat(), _ilk, "line", _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Increase a collateral debt ceiling. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _amount The amount to increase in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
        @param _global If true, increases the global debt ceiling by _amount
    */
    function increaseIlkDebtCeiling(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _amount, bool _global) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-line-precision"
        address _vat = vat();
        (,,,uint256 line_,) = DssVat(_vat).ilks(_ilk);
        setValue(_vat, _ilk, "line", line_ + _amount * RAD);
        if (_global) { increaseGlobalDebtCeiling(_amount); }
    }
    /**
        @dev Decrease a collateral debt ceiling. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _amount The amount to decrease in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
        @param _global If true, decreases the global debt ceiling by _amount
    */
    function decreaseIlkDebtCeiling(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _amount, bool _global) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-line-precision"
        address _vat = vat();
        (,,,uint256 line_,) = DssVat(_vat).ilks(_ilk);
        setValue(_vat, _ilk, "line", line_ - _amount * RAD);
        if (_global) { decreaseGlobalDebtCeiling(_amount); }
    }
    /**
        @dev Set a RWA collateral debt ceiling by specifying its new oracle price.
        @param _ilk      The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _ceiling  The new debt ceiling in natural units (e.g. set 10m DAI as 10_000_000)
        @param _price    The new oracle price in natural units
        @dev note: _price should enable DAI to be drawn over the loan period while taking into
                   account the configured ink amount, interest rate and liquidation ratio
        @dev note: _price * WAD should be greater than or equal to the current oracle price
    */
    function setRWAIlkDebtCeiling(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _ceiling, uint256 _price) public {
        require(_price < WAD);
        setIlkDebtCeiling(_ilk, _ceiling);
        RwaOracleLike(getChangelogAddress("MIP21_LIQUIDATION_ORACLE")).bump(_ilk, _price * WAD);
        updateCollateralPrice(_ilk);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the parameters for an ilk in the "MCD_IAM_AUTO_LINE" auto-line
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _amount The Maximum value (ex. 100m DAI amount == 100000000)
        @param _gap    The amount of Dai per step (ex. 5m Dai == 5000000)
        @param _ttl    The amount of time (in seconds)
    */
    function setIlkAutoLineParameters(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _amount, uint256 _gap, uint256 _ttl) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-auto-line-amount-precision"
        require(_gap < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-auto-line-gap-precision"
        IAMLike(autoLine()).setIlk(_ilk, _amount * RAD, _gap * RAD, _ttl);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the debt ceiling for an ilk in the "MCD_IAM_AUTO_LINE" auto-line without updating the time values
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _amount The Maximum value (ex. 100m DAI amount == 100000000)
    */
    function setIlkAutoLineDebtCeiling(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _amount) public {
        address _autoLine = autoLine();
        (, uint256 gap, uint48 ttl,,) = IAMLike(_autoLine).ilks(_ilk);
        require(gap != 0 && ttl != 0);  // "LibDssExec/auto-line-not-configured"
        IAMLike(_autoLine).setIlk(_ilk, _amount * RAD, uint256(gap), uint256(ttl));
    }
    /**
        @dev Remove an ilk in the "MCD_IAM_AUTO_LINE" auto-line
        @param _ilk    The ilk to remove (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
    */
    function removeIlkFromAutoLine(bytes32 _ilk) public {
        IAMLike(autoLine()).remIlk(_ilk);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set a collateral minimum vault amount. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function setIlkMinVaultAmount(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-dust-precision"
        (,, uint256 _hole,) = DogLike(dog()).ilks(_ilk);
        require(_amount <= _hole / RAD);  // Ensure ilk.hole >= dust
        setValue(vat(), _ilk, "dust", _amount * RAD);
        (bool ok,) = clip(_ilk).call(abi.encodeWithSignature("upchost()")); ok;
    }
    /**
        @dev Set a collateral liquidation penalty. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @dev Equation used for conversion is (1 + pct / 10,000) * WAD
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _pct_bps    The pct, in basis points, to set in integer form (x100). (ex. 10.25% = 10.25 * 100 = 1025)
    */
    function setIlkLiquidationPenalty(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-chop-precision"
        setValue(dog(), _ilk, "chop", WAD + wdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
        (bool ok,) = clip(_ilk).call(abi.encodeWithSignature("upchost()")); ok;
    }
    /**
        @dev Set max DAI amount for liquidation per vault for collateral. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function setIlkMaxLiquidationAmount(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-hole-precision"
        setValue(dog(), _ilk, "hole", _amount * RAD);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set a collateral liquidation ratio. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @dev Equation used for conversion is pct * RAY / 10,000
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _pct_bps    The pct, in basis points, to set in integer form (x100). (ex. 150% = 150 * 100 = 15000)
    */
    function setIlkLiquidationRatio(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < 10 * BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-mat-precision" // Fails if pct >= 1000%
        require(_pct_bps >= BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // the liquidation ratio has to be bigger or equal to 100%
        setValue(spotter(), _ilk, "mat", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }
    /**
        @dev Set an auction starting multiplier. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @dev Equation used for conversion is pct * RAY / 10,000
        @param _ilk      The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _pct_bps  The pct, in basis points, to set in integer form (x100). (ex. 1.3x starting multiplier = 130% = 13000)
    */
    function setStartingPriceMultiplicativeFactor(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < 10 * BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-mat-precision" // Fails if gt 10x
        require(_pct_bps >= BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // fail if start price is less than OSM price
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "buf", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /**
        @dev Set the amout of time before an auction resets.
        @param _ilk      The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _duration Amount of time before auction resets (in seconds).
    */
    function setAuctionTimeBeforeReset(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _duration) public {
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "tail", _duration);
    }

    /**
        @dev Percentage drop permitted before auction reset
        @param _ilk     The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _pct_bps The pct, in basis points, of drop to permit (x100).
    */
    function setAuctionPermittedDrop(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // "LibDssExec/incorrect-clip-cusp-value"
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "cusp", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /**
        @dev Percentage of tab to suck from vow to incentivize keepers. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _ilk     The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _pct_bps The pct, in basis points, of the tab to suck. (0.01% == 1)
    */
    function setKeeperIncentivePercent(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // "LibDssExec/incorrect-clip-chip-precision"
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "chip", wdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /**
        @dev Set max DAI amount for flat rate keeper incentive. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 1000 DAI amount == 1000)
    */
    function setKeeperIncentiveFlatRate(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD); // "LibDssExec/incorrect-clip-tip-precision"
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "tip", _amount * RAD);
    }

    /**
        @dev Sets the circuit breaker price tolerance in the clipper mom.
            This is somewhat counter-intuitive,
             to accept a 25% price drop, use a value of 75%
        @param _clip    The clipper to set the tolerance for
        @param _pct_bps The pct, in basis points, to set in integer form (x100). (ex. 5% = 5 * 100 = 500)
    */
    function setLiquidationBreakerPriceTolerance(address _clip, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-clippermom-price-tolerance"
        MomLike(clipperMom()).setPriceTolerance(_clip, rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /**
        @dev Set the stability fee for a given ilk.
            Many of the settings that change weekly rely on the rate accumulator
            described at https://docs.makerdao.com/smart-contract-modules/rates-module
            To check this yourself, use the following rate calculation (example 8%):

            $ bc -l <<< 'scale=27; e( l(1.08)/(60 * 60 * 24 * 365) )'

            A table of rates can also be found at:
            https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmefQMseb3AiTapiAKKexdKHig8wroKuZbmLtPLv4u2YwW

        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A") )
        @param _rate   The accumulated rate (ex. 4% => 1000000001243680656318820312)
        @param _doDrip `true` to accumulate stability fees for the collateral
    */
    function setIlkStabilityFee(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _rate, bool _doDrip) public {
        require((_rate >= RAY) && (_rate <= RATES_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));  // "LibDssExec/ilk-stability-fee-out-of-bounds"
        address _jug = jug();
        if (_doDrip) Drippable(_jug).drip(_ilk);

        setValue(_jug, _ilk, "duty", _rate);
    }

    /*************************/
    /*** Abacus Management ***/
    /*************************/

    /**
        @dev Set the number of seconds from the start when the auction reaches zero price.
        @dev Abacus:LinearDecrease only.
        @param _calc     The address of the LinearDecrease pricing contract
        @param _duration Amount of time for auctions.
    */
    function setLinearDecrease(address _calc, uint256 _duration) public {
        setValue(_calc, "tau", _duration);
    }

    /**
        @dev Set the number of seconds for each price step.
        @dev Abacus:StairstepExponentialDecrease only.
        @param _calc     The address of the StairstepExponentialDecrease pricing contract
        @param _duration Length of time between price drops [seconds]
        @param _pct_bps Per-step multiplicative factor in basis points. (ex. 99% == 9900)
    */
    function setStairstepExponentialDecrease(address _calc, uint256 _duration, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // DssExecLib/cut-too-high
        setValue(_calc, "cut", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
        setValue(_calc, "step", _duration);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the number of seconds for each price step. (99% cut = 1% price drop per step)
             Amounts will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @dev Abacus:ExponentialDecrease only
        @param _calc     The address of the ExponentialDecrease pricing contract
        @param _pct_bps Per-step multiplicative factor in basis points. (ex. 99% == 9900)
    */
    function setExponentialDecrease(address _calc, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // DssExecLib/cut-too-high
        setValue(_calc, "cut", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /*************************/
    /*** Oracle Management ***/
    /*************************/
    /**
        @dev Allows an oracle to read prices from its source feeds
        @param _oracle  An OSM or LP oracle contract
    */
    function whitelistOracleMedians(address _oracle) public {
        (bool ok, bytes memory data) = _oracle.call(abi.encodeWithSignature("orb0()"));
        if (ok) {
            // Token is an LP oracle
            address median0 = abi.decode(data, (address));
            addReaderToWhitelistCall(median0, _oracle);
            addReaderToWhitelistCall(OracleLike(_oracle).orb1(), _oracle);
        } else {
            // Standard OSM
            addReaderToWhitelistCall(OracleLike(_oracle).src(), _oracle);
        }
    }
    /**
        @dev Adds an address to the OSM or Median's reader whitelist, allowing the address to read prices.
        @param _oracle        Oracle Security Module (OSM) or Median core contract address
        @param _reader     Address to add to whitelist
    */
    function addReaderToWhitelist(address _oracle, address _reader) public {
        OracleLike(_oracle).kiss(_reader);
    }
    /**
        @dev Removes an address to the OSM or Median's reader whitelist, disallowing the address to read prices.
        @param _oracle     Oracle Security Module (OSM) or Median core contract address
        @param _reader     Address to remove from whitelist
    */
    function removeReaderFromWhitelist(address _oracle, address _reader) public {
        OracleLike(_oracle).diss(_reader);
    }
    /**
        @dev Adds an address to the OSM or Median's reader whitelist, allowing the address to read prices.
        @param _oracle  OSM or Median core contract address
        @param _reader  Address to add to whitelist
    */
    function addReaderToWhitelistCall(address _oracle, address _reader) public {
        (bool ok,) = _oracle.call(abi.encodeWithSignature("kiss(address)", _reader)); ok;
    }
    /**
        @dev Removes an address to the OSM or Median's reader whitelist, disallowing the address to read prices.
        @param _oracle  Oracle Security Module (OSM) or Median core contract address
        @param _reader  Address to remove from whitelist
    */
    function removeReaderFromWhitelistCall(address _oracle, address _reader) public {
        (bool ok,) = _oracle.call(abi.encodeWithSignature("diss(address)", _reader)); ok;
    }
    /**
        @dev Sets the minimum number of valid messages from whitelisted oracle feeds needed to update median price.
        @param _median     Median core contract address
        @param _minQuorum  Minimum number of valid messages from whitelisted oracle feeds needed to update median price (NOTE: MUST BE ODD NUMBER)
    */
    function setMedianWritersQuorum(address _median, uint256 _minQuorum) public {
        OracleLike(_median).setBar(_minQuorum);
    }
    /**
        @dev Add OSM address to OSM mom, allowing it to be frozen by governance.
        @param _osm        Oracle Security Module (OSM) core contract address
        @param _ilk        Collateral type using OSM
    */
    function allowOSMFreeze(address _osm, bytes32 _ilk) public {
        MomLike(osmMom()).setOsm(_ilk, _osm);
    }

    /*****************************/
    /*** Direct Deposit Module ***/
    /*****************************/

    /**
        @dev Sets the target rate threshold for a dai direct deposit module (d3m)
        @dev Aave: Targets the variable borrow rate
        @param _d3m     The address of the D3M contract
        @param _pct_bps Target rate in basis points. (ex. 4% == 400)
    */
    function setD3MTargetInterestRate(address _d3m, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // DssExecLib/bar-too-high
        setValue(_d3m, "bar", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /*****************************/
    /*** Collateral Onboarding ***/
    /*****************************/

    /**
        @dev Performs basic functions and sanity checks to add a new collateral type to the MCD system
        @param _ilk      Collateral type key code [Ex. "ETH-A"]
        @param _gem      Address of token contract
        @param _join     Address of join adapter
        @param _clip     Address of liquidation agent
        @param _calc     Address of the pricing function
        @param _pip      Address of price feed
    */
    function addCollateralBase(
        bytes32 _ilk,
        address _gem,
        address _join,
        address _clip,
        address _calc,
        address _pip
    ) public {
        // Sanity checks
        address _vat = vat();
        address _dog = dog();
        address _spotter = spotter();
        require(JoinLike(_join).vat() == _vat);     // "join-vat-not-match"
        require(JoinLike(_join).ilk() == _ilk);     // "join-ilk-not-match"
        require(JoinLike(_join).gem() == _gem);     // "join-gem-not-match"
        require(JoinLike(_join).dec() ==
                   ERC20(_gem).decimals());         // "join-dec-not-match"
        require(ClipLike(_clip).vat() == _vat);     // "clip-vat-not-match"
        require(ClipLike(_clip).dog() == _dog);     // "clip-dog-not-match"
        require(ClipLike(_clip).ilk() == _ilk);     // "clip-ilk-not-match"
        require(ClipLike(_clip).spotter() == _spotter);  // "clip-ilk-not-match"

        // Set the token PIP in the Spotter
        setContract(spotter(), _ilk, "pip", _pip);

        // Set the ilk Clipper in the Dog
        setContract(_dog, _ilk, "clip", _clip);
        // Set vow in the clip
        setContract(_clip, "vow", vow());
        // Set the pricing function for the Clipper
        setContract(_clip, "calc", _calc);

        // Init ilk in Vat & Jug
        Initializable(_vat).init(_ilk);  // Vat
        Initializable(jug()).init(_ilk);  // Jug

        // Allow ilk Join to modify Vat registry
        authorize(_vat, _join);
        // Allow ilk Join to suck dai for keepers
        authorize(_vat, _clip);
        // Allow the ilk Clipper to reduce the Dog hole on deal()
        authorize(_dog, _clip);
        // Allow Dog to kick auctions in ilk Clipper
        authorize(_clip, _dog);
        // Allow End to yank auctions in ilk Clipper
        authorize(_clip, end());
        // Authorize the ESM to execute in the clipper
        authorize(_clip, esm());

        // Add new ilk to the IlkRegistry
        RegistryLike(reg()).add(_join);
    }

    // Complete collateral onboarding logic.
    function addNewCollateral(CollateralOpts memory co) public {
        // Add the collateral to the system.
        addCollateralBase(co.ilk, co.gem, co.join, co.clip, co.calc, co.pip);
        address clipperMom_ = clipperMom();

        if (!co.isLiquidatable) {
            // Disallow Dog to kick auctions in ilk Clipper
            setValue(co.clip, "stopped", 3);
        } else {
            // Grant ClipperMom access to the ilk Clipper
            authorize(co.clip, clipperMom_);
        }

        if(co.isOSM) { // If pip == OSM
            // Allow OsmMom to access to the TOKEN OSM
            authorize(co.pip, osmMom());
            if (co.whitelistOSM) { // If median is src in OSM
                // Whitelist OSM to read the Median data (only necessary if it is the first time the token is being added to an ilk)
                whitelistOracleMedians(co.pip);
            }
            // Whitelist Spotter to read the OSM data (only necessary if it is the first time the token is being added to an ilk)
            addReaderToWhitelist(co.pip, spotter());
            // Whitelist Clipper on pip
            addReaderToWhitelist(co.pip, co.clip);
            // Allow the clippermom to access the feed
            addReaderToWhitelist(co.pip, clipperMom_);
            // Whitelist End to read the OSM data (only necessary if it is the first time the token is being added to an ilk)
            addReaderToWhitelist(co.pip, end());
            // Set TOKEN OSM in the OsmMom for new ilk
            allowOSMFreeze(co.pip, co.ilk);
        }
        // Increase the global debt ceiling by the ilk ceiling
        increaseGlobalDebtCeiling(co.ilkDebtCeiling);

        // Set the ilk debt ceiling
        setIlkDebtCeiling(co.ilk, co.ilkDebtCeiling);

        // Set the hole size
        setIlkMaxLiquidationAmount(co.ilk, co.maxLiquidationAmount);

        // Set the ilk dust
        setIlkMinVaultAmount(co.ilk, co.minVaultAmount);

        // Set the ilk liquidation penalty
        setIlkLiquidationPenalty(co.ilk, co.liquidationPenalty);

        // Set the ilk stability fee
        setIlkStabilityFee(co.ilk, co.ilkStabilityFee, true);

        // Set the auction starting price multiplier
        setStartingPriceMultiplicativeFactor(co.ilk, co.startingPriceFactor);

        // Set the amount of time before an auction resets.
        setAuctionTimeBeforeReset(co.ilk, co.auctionDuration);

        // Set the allowed auction drop percentage before reset
        setAuctionPermittedDrop(co.ilk, co.permittedDrop);

        // Set the ilk min collateralization ratio
        setIlkLiquidationRatio(co.ilk, co.liquidationRatio);

        // Set the price tolerance in the liquidation circuit breaker
        setLiquidationBreakerPriceTolerance(co.clip, co.breakerTolerance);

        // Set a flat rate for the keeper reward
        setKeeperIncentiveFlatRate(co.ilk, co.kprFlatReward);

        // Set the percentage of liquidation as keeper award
        setKeeperIncentivePercent(co.ilk, co.kprPctReward);

        // Update ilk spot value in Vat
        updateCollateralPrice(co.ilk);
    }

    /***************/
    /*** Payment ***/
    /***************/
    /**
        @dev Send a payment in ERC20 DAI from the surplus buffer.
        @param _target The target address to send the DAI to.
        @param _amount The amount to send in DAI (ex. 10m DAI amount == 10000000)
    */
    function sendPaymentFromSurplusBuffer(address _target, uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-line-precision"
        DssVat(vat()).suck(vow(), address(this), _amount * RAD);
        JoinLike(daiJoin()).exit(_target, _amount * WAD);
    }

    /************/
    /*** Misc ***/
    /************/
    /**
        @dev Initiate linear interpolation on an administrative value over time.
        @param _name        The label for this lerp instance
        @param _target      The target contract
        @param _what        The target parameter to adjust
        @param _startTime   The time for this lerp
        @param _start       The start value for the target parameter
        @param _end         The end value for the target parameter
        @param _duration    The duration of the interpolation
    */
    function linearInterpolation(bytes32 _name, address _target, bytes32 _what, uint256 _startTime, uint256 _start, uint256 _end, uint256 _duration) public returns (address) {
        address lerp = LerpFactoryLike(lerpFab()).newLerp(_name, _target, _what, _startTime, _start, _end, _duration);
        Authorizable(_target).rely(lerp);
        LerpLike(lerp).tick();
        return lerp;
    }
    /**
        @dev Initiate linear interpolation on an administrative value over time.
        @param _name        The label for this lerp instance
        @param _target      The target contract
        @param _ilk         The ilk to target
        @param _what        The target parameter to adjust
        @param _startTime   The time for this lerp
        @param _start       The start value for the target parameter
        @param _end         The end value for the target parameter
        @param _duration    The duration of the interpolation
    */
    function linearInterpolation(bytes32 _name, address _target, bytes32 _ilk, bytes32 _what, uint256 _startTime, uint256 _start, uint256 _end, uint256 _duration) public returns (address) {
        address lerp = LerpFactoryLike(lerpFab()).newIlkLerp(_name, _target, _ilk, _what, _startTime, _start, _end, _duration);
        Authorizable(_target).rely(lerp);
        LerpLike(lerp).tick();
        return lerp;
    }
}

// src/DssSpell.sol
// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: © 2020 Dai Foundation <www.daifoundation.org>

//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

interface AllocatorBufferLike {
    function approve(address asset, address spender, uint256 amount) external;
}

interface AllocatorRolesLike {
    function setRoleAction(bytes32 ilk, uint8 role, address target, bytes4 sig, bool enabled) external;
    function setUserRole(bytes32 ilk, address who, uint8 role, bool enabled) external;
    function setIlkAdmin(bytes32 ilk, address usr) external;
}

interface DaiUsdsLike {
    function daiToUsds(address usr, uint256 wad) external;
}

interface ProxyLike {
    function exec(address target, bytes calldata args) external payable returns (bytes memory out);
}

interface AllocatorVaultLike {
    function ilk() external view returns (bytes32);
    function draw(uint256 wad) external;
    function wipe(uint256 wad) external;
}

abstract contract DssAction {

    using DssExecLib for *;

    // Modifier used to limit execution time when office hours is enabled
    modifier limited {
        require(DssExecLib.canCast(uint40(block.timestamp), officeHours()), "Outside office hours");
        _;
    }

    // Office Hours defaults to true by default.
    //   To disable office hours, override this function and
    //    return false in the inherited action.
    function officeHours() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }

    // DssExec calls execute. We limit this function subject to officeHours modifier.
    function execute() external limited {
        actions();
    }

    // DssAction developer must override `actions()` and place all actions to be called inside.
    //   The DssExec function will call this subject to the officeHours limiter
    //   By keeping this function public we allow simulations of `execute()` on the actions outside of the cast time.
    function actions() public virtual;

    // Provides a descriptive tag for bot consumption
    // This should be modified weekly to provide a summary of the actions
    // Hash: seth keccak -- "$(wget https://<executive-vote-canonical-post> -q -O - 2>/dev/null)"
    function description() external view virtual returns (string memory);

    // Returns the next available cast time
    function nextCastTime(uint256 eta) external virtual view returns (uint256 castTime) {
        require(eta <= type(uint40).max);
        castTime = DssExecLib.nextCastTime(uint40(eta), uint40(block.timestamp), officeHours());
    }
}

contract DssSpellAction is DssAction {
    // Provides a descriptive tag for bot consumption
    // This should be modified weekly to provide a summary of the actions
    // Hash: cast keccak -- "$(wget 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sky-ecosystem/executive-votes/bc3a1fef51159885cfcf6f8acba83db95fe3ea7d/2025/executive-vote-2025-09-18.md' -q -O - 2>/dev/null)"
    string public constant override description = "2025-09-18 MakerDAO Executive Spell | Hash: 0xb512f90a3c64d73f39daed8ef595f631a6c802b3ddd0a816ffa6f8168568bc80";

    // Set office hours according to the summary
    function officeHours() public pure override returns (bool) {
        return true;
    }

    // ---------- Set earliest execution date September 22, 14:00 UTC ----------

    // Note: 2025-09-22 14:00:00 UTC
    uint256 internal constant SEP_22_2025_14_00_UTC = 1758549600;

    // Note: Override nextCastTime to inform keepers about the earliest execution time
    function nextCastTime(uint256 eta) external view override returns (uint256 castTime) {
        require(eta <= type(uint40).max);
        // Note: First calculate the standard office hours cast time
        castTime = DssExecLib.nextCastTime(uint40(eta), uint40(block.timestamp), officeHours());
        // Note: Then ensure it's not before our minimum date
        return castTime < SEP_22_2025_14_00_UTC ? SEP_22_2025_14_00_UTC : castTime;
    }

    // ---------- Rates ----------
    // Many of the settings that change weekly rely on the rate accumulator
    // described at https://docs.makerdao.com/smart-contract-modules/rates-module
    // To check this yourself, use the following rate calculation (example 8%):
    //
    // $ bc -l <<< 'scale=27; e( l(1.08)/(60 * 60 * 24 * 365) )'
    //
    // A table of rates can be found at
    //    https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmVp4mhhbwWGTfbh2BzwQB9eiBrQBKiqcPRZCaAxNUaar6
    //
    // uint256 internal constant X_PCT_RATE = ;

    // ---------- Math ----------
    uint256 internal constant WAD = 10 ** 18;
    uint256 internal constant RAY = 10 ** 27;

    // ---------- Contracts ----------
    address internal immutable DAI